Method and equipment for refrigeration
The invention relates to a refrigeration method and equipment for cooling the inside of a container, or a coolant circulating in a refrigeration circuit of a vehicle and/or of a supercharger, which uses an air current as a working fluid and comprises the steps of: compressing; cooling in coolers coupled to an ejection cycle; expanding, to reduce the temperature of the air current and obtain mechanical energy from same; refrigerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the expansion step and the coolant of the refrigeration circuit or the inside of the container; and regenerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the compression step, reducing the temperature thereof, and the air current resulting from the regenerating step, increasing the temperature thereof.
1 . A refrigeration equipment for cooling the inside of a container, which uses an air current as a working fluid and comprises:
at least one first compressor, configured to absorb air and increase the pressure thereof, producing a compressed air current;
a regenerator, connected with the first compressor, to receive the compressed air current;
a turbine, connected with the regenerator, to receive the air current of the regenerator and produce and expansion of this air current;
a heat exchanger, connected with the turbine, with the inside of the container and with the regenerator, to receive the air current expanded in the turbine, to allow the heat transfer between the inside of the container and said expanded air current, and then deliver the air current to the regenerator, which recirculates it towards the first compressor;
at least one second compressor, configured to absorb air from a first cooler and increase the pressure thereof;
at least one second cooler, connected to the second compressor and to the regenerator, to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the second compressor and deliver it to the regenerator;
an ejection cycle comprising:
a pump, to direct a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state,
a rolling valve, to direct a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state,
an ejector comprising a nozzle which receives the primary flow of coolant in gaseous state of the first cooler and accelerates said primary flow of coolant in gaseous state to the mixing area, an intake connected to the second cooler to receive the secondary flow in gaseous state, which is suctioned towards the mixing area of the ejector due to the pressure drop of the main flow, the primary and second flow of coolant mixed into a single coolant current; and a sprayer throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current at the outlet of the ejector,
a condenser which reduces the temperature of the coolant current such that it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase, and
a flow divider, to divide the condensed coolant current, directing the primary flow towards the pump and the secondary flow towards the rolling valve;
a three-way valve connected to the turbine, such that upon activation it redirects the air exiting the turbine directly towards the regenerator without previously passing through the heat exchanger,
wherein the turbine is mechanically connected to the second compressor, such that the turbine transfers mechanical energy thereto,
wherein the regenerator receives the compressed air current of the first compressor, to reduce the temperature thereof, and the air current of the heat exchanger, to heat it by means of heat exchange between both,
wherein the first cooler is connected to the first compressor and assigned to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the first compressor, and wherein the first cooler operates with a coolant selected from ammonia or carbon dioxide.
2 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the second cooler operates with a coolant selected from ammonia or carbon dioxide.
3 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is an indirect contact exchanger, and the air current from the refrigeration equipment and a coolant of the container circulate through same; such that the coolant circulates through a refrigeration circuit which removes heat from inside the container, and the air current of the refrigeration equipment in turn removes heat from the coolant.
4 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is an indirect contact exchanger, through which the air current of the refrigeration equipment, which removes heat directly from inside the container, circulates.
5 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein in addition to the heat exchanger, one or more components of the equipment are located inside the container.
6 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a direct contact heat exchanger, such that the actual inside of the container is the heat exchanger, in which air from the refrigeration equipment and the inside of the container come into contact, producing the heat transfer between both.
7 . The equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a direct contact heat exchanger and is formed by a wall which covers an enclosure of the container, generating a gap between the enclosure and the wall of the heat exchanger; such that distribution channels allow the entry of air from the refrigeration equipment into the gap between the enclosure and the wall of the exchanger, the air penetrating the container through a porous area of the wall of the heat exchanger, to cool the inside of the container.
8 . A refrigeration method for cooling the inside of a container, which uses an air current as a working fluid and comprises the steps of:
a. compressing, to increase the pressure of the air current,
b. expanding, to reduce the temperature of the previously compressed air current, at the same time that mechanical energy is obtained by means of reducing the pressure of said air current,
c. refrigerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the expansion step and the inside of the container, and
d. regenerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the compression step and the air current resulting from the refrigeration step, increasing the temperature of the air current resulting from the refrigeration step and reducing the temperature of the current resulting from the compression step;
the method further comprising:
directing a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards a first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state;
directing a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards a second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state;
mixing the primary and second flow of coolant into a single coolant current;
throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current; and
reducing the temperature of the coolant current such that it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase,
wherein the method is performed using a refrigeration equipment comprising:
at least one first compressor, configured to absorb air and increase the pressure thereof, producing a compressed air current;
a regenerator, connected with the first compressor, to receive the compressed air current;
a turbine, connected with the regenerator, to receive the air current of the regenerator and produce and expansion of this air current;
a heat exchanger, connected with the turbine, with the inside of the container and with the regenerator, to receive the air current expanded in the turbine, to allow the heat transfer between the inside of the container and said expanded air current, and then deliver the air current to the regenerator, which recirculates it towards the first compressor;
at least one second compressor, configured to absorb air from a first cooler and increase the pressure thereof;
at least one second cooler, connected to the second compressor and to the regenerator, to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the second compressor and deliver it to the regenerator;
an ejection cycle comprising:
a pump, to direct a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state,
a rolling valve, to direct a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state,
an ejector comprising a nozzle which receives the primary flow of coolant in gaseous state of the first cooler and accelerates said primary flow of coolant in gaseous state to the mixing area, an intake connected to the second cooler to receive the secondary flow in gaseous state, which is suctioned towards the mixing area of the ejector due to the pressure drop of the main flow, the primary and second flow of coolant mixed into a single coolant current; and a sprayer throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current at the outlet of the ejector,
a condenser which reduces the temperature of the coolant current such that it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase, and
a flow divider, to divide the condensed coolant current, directing the primary flow towards the pump and the secondary flow towards the rolling valve;
a three-way valve connected to the turbine, such that upon activation it redirects the air exiting the turbine directly towards the regenerator without previously passing through the heat exchanger,
wherein the turbine is mechanically connected to the second compressor, such that the turbine transfers mechanical energy thereto,
wherein the regenerator receives the compressed air current of the first compressor, to reduce the temperature thereof, and the air current of the heat exchanger, to heat it by means of heat exchange between both,
wherein the first cooler is connected to the first compressor and assigned to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the first compressor, and wherein the first cooler operates with a coolant selected from ammonia or carbon dioxide.
9 . The refrigeration method according to claim 8 , wherein the compression step is performed in phases, alternating a compression phase with a cooling phase of the working air, in which one or more coolers remove heat from the air current.
10 . The refrigeration method according to claim 9 , wherein the cooling phase comprises the use of at least two coolers connected with an ejection circuit, in which the coolers operate like a heat recovery unit or an evaporator.
11 . A refrigeration method for the ultra-rapid charging of batteries of electric or hybrid drive systems for cooling a coolant circulating through a refrigeration circuit which surrounds batteries and electronic components of a vehicle with an electric or hybrid drive system, and/or through a refrigeration circuit of a supercharger for the batteries of the drive system, which uses an environmental air current as a working fluid and comprising the steps of:
a. compressing, to increase the pressure of the air current,
b. expanding, to reduce the temperature of the previously compressed air current, at the same time that mechanical energy is obtained by means of reducing the pressure of said air current,
c. refrigerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the expansion step and the coolant of the refrigeration circuit, and
d. regenerating, to allow an exchange of thermal energy between the air current resulting from the compression step and the air current resulting from the refrigeration step, increasing the temperature of the air current resulting from the refrigeration step and reducing the temperature of the current resulting from the compression step;
the method further comprising:
directing a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards a first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state;
directing a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards a second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state;
mixing the primary and second flow of coolant into a single coolant current;
throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current; and
reducing the temperature of the coolant current such that it changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase,
wherein the method is performed using a refrigeration equipment comprising:
at least one first compressor, configured to absorb ambient air and increase the pressure thereof, producing a compressed air current;
a regenerator, connected with the first compressor, to receive the compressed air current;
a turbine, connected with the regenerator, to receive the air current of the regenerator and produce an expansion of this air current;
a heat exchanger, connected with the turbine, with the refrigeration circuit and with the regenerator, to receive the air current expanded in the turbine, to allow the heat transfer between the coolant of the refrigeration circuit and said expanded air current, and then deliver the air current to the regenerator, which recirculates it towards the first compressor;
an ejection cycle comprising:
a pump, to direct a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state,
a rolling valve, to direct a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state,
an ejector comprising a nozzle which receives the primary flow of coolant in gaseous state of the first cooler and accelerates said primary flow of coolant in gaseous state to the mixing area, an intake connected to the second cooler to receive the secondary flow in gaseous state, which is suctioned towards the mixing area of the ejector due to the pressure drop of the main flow, the primary and secondary flow of coolant mixed into a single coolant current; and a sprayer throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current at the outlet of the ejector,
a condenser which reduces the temperature of the coolant current such that the coolant changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase, and
a flow divider, to divide the condensed coolant current, directing the primary flow towards the pump and the secondary flow towards the rolling valve;
a 3-way valve connected to the turbine, such that upon activation air is redirected exiting the turbine directly towards the regenerator without previously passing through the heat exchanger;
wherein the regenerator receives the compressed air current of the first compressor, to reduce the temperature thereof, and the air current of the heat exchanger, to heat it by means of heat exchange between both;
wherein the first cooler is connected to the first compressor and intended to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the first compressor; and
wherein the equipment further comprises:
at least one second compressor, configured to absorb air from the first cooler and increase the pressure thereof, and
at least one second cooler, connected to the second compressor and to the regenerator, to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the second compressor and deliver it to the regenerator,
wherein the turbine is mechanically connected to the second compressor, such that it transfers mechanical energy thereto, and characterised in that the first cooler and the second cooler operate with a coolant selected from ammonia or carbon dioxide.
12 . The refrigeration method according to claim 11 , wherein the compression step is performed in phases, alternating a compression phase with a cooling phase of the working air, in which one or more coolers remove heat from the air current.
13 . The refrigeration method according to claim 12 , wherein the cooling phase comprises the use of at least two coolers connected with an ejection circuit, in which the coolers operate like a heat recovery unit or an evaporator.
14 . A refrigeration equipment for the ultra-rapid charging of batteries of electric or hybrid drive systems for cooling a coolant circulating through a refrigeration circuit which surrounds batteries and electronic components of a vehicle with an electric or hybrid drive system, and/or through a refrigeration circuit of a supercharger for the batteries of the drive system, which uses an environmental air current as a working fluid and comprises:
at least one first compressor, configured to absorb ambient air and increase the pressure thereof, producing a compressed air current;
a regenerator, connected with the first compressor, to receive the compressed air current;
a turbine, connected with the regenerator, to receive the air current of the regenerator and produce an expansion of this air current;
a heat exchanger, connected with the turbine, with the refrigeration circuit and with the regenerator, to receive the air current expanded in the turbine, to allow the heat transfer between the coolant of the refrigeration circuit and said expanded air current, and then deliver the air current to the regenerator, which recirculates it towards the first compressor;
an ejection cycle comprising:
a pump, to direct a primary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the first cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant in liquid state transitions to a gaseous state,
a rolling valve, to direct a secondary flow of coolant in liquid state towards the second cooler, to receive thermal energy of the air current, such that the coolant transitions to a gaseous state,
an ejector comprising a nozzle which receives the primary flow of coolant in gaseous state of the first cooler and accelerates said primary flow of coolant in gaseous state to the mixing area, an intake connected to the second cooler to receive the secondary flow in gaseous state, which is suctioned towards the mixing area of the ejector due to the pressure drop of the main flow, the primary and secondary flow of coolant mixed into a single coolant current; and a sprayer throttling back and increasing the pressure of the coolant current at the outlet of the ejector,
a condenser which reduces the temperature of the coolant current such that the coolant changes from the gas phase to the liquid phase, and
a flow divider, to divide the condensed coolant current, directing the primary flow towards the pump and the secondary flow towards the rolling valve;
a 3-way valve connected to the turbine, such that upon activation air is redirected exiting the turbine directly towards the regenerator without previously passing through the heat exchanger;
wherein the regenerator receives the compressed air current of the first compressor, to reduce the temperature thereof, and the air current of the heat exchanger, to heat it by means of heat exchange between both;
wherein the first cooler is connected to the first compressor and intended to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the first compressor; and
wherein the equipment further comprises:
at least one second compressor, configured to absorb air from the first cooler and increase the pressure thereof, and
at least one second cooler, connected to the second compressor and to the regenerator, to reduce the temperature of the air current compressed by the second compressor and deliver it to the regenerator,
wherein the turbine is mechanically connected to the second compressor, such that it transfers mechanical energy thereto, and characterised in that the first cooler and the second cooler operate with a coolant selected from ammonia or carbon dioxide.