Passive pyroelectric infrared sensor with sensor elements on a single crystal
Described herein are techniques for reducing spike noise arising in pyroelectric infrared sensors due to charge build up. The sensors developed by the inventors and described herein rely on the use of dummy elements positioned to prevent or limit charge build-up in the unused space. A first sensing element comprises a first portion of the first layer of conductive material, a first portion of the layer of pyroelectric material, a first portion of the second layer of conductive material and a first absorption region coupled to the first portion of the first layer of conductive material. A dummy element comprises a second portion of the first layer of conductive material, a second portion of the layer of pyroelectric material and a second portion of the second layer of conductive material. The first layer of conductive material defines a first gap between the first portion of the first layer of conductive material and the second portion of the first layer of conductive material.
1 . A pyroelectric sensor comprising:
a layer of pyroelectric material having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
a first layer of conductive material coupled to the first surface of the layer of pyroelectric material, and a second layer of conductive material coupled to the second surface of the layer of pyroelectric material;
a first sensing element comprising a first portion of the first layer of conductive material, a first portion of the layer of pyroelectric material, a first portion of the second layer of conductive material, and a first absorption region coupled to the first portion of the first layer of conductive material; and
a dummy element comprising a second portion of the first layer of conductive material, a second portion of the layer of pyroelectric material and a second portion of the second layer of conductive material, wherein the first layer of conductive material defines a first gap between the first portion of the first layer of conductive material and the second portion of the first layer of conductive material.
2 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dummy element has a reflective top surface, the top surface of the dummy element being opposite the first surface of the layer of conductive material relative to the dummy element.
3 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dummy element surrounds the first sensing element.
4 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the first layer of conductive material is electrically shorted to the second portion of the second layer of conductive material.
5 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the first layer of conductive material and the second portion of the second layer of conductive material are connected to a discharge path.
6 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the layer of pyroelectric material comprises Lithium Tantalate, Lithium Niobate or polyvinylidene fluoride.
7 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the layer of pyroelectric material has a resistivity greater than 10 10 Ω-m.
8 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first gap separates the first portion of the first layer of conductive material from the second portion of the first layer of conductive material by 25 μm-500 μm.
9 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising read-out circuitry coupled to the first portion of the first layer of conductive material and the first portion of the second layer of conductive material.
10 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second sensing element comprising a third portion of the first layer of conductive material, a third portion of the layer of pyroelectric material, a third portion of the second layer of conductive material and a second absorption region coupled to the third portion of the first layer of conductive material,
wherein the first layer of conductive material further defines a second gap between the third portion of the first layer of conductive material and the second portion of the first layer of conductive material.
11 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 10 , wherein the dummy element surrounds both the first and second sensing elements.
12 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second layer of conductive material defines a third gap between the first portion of the second layer of conductive material and the second portion of the second layer of conductive material.
13 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 1 , wherein the dummy element further comprises a second absorption region coupled to the second portion of the first layer of conductive material, wherein the second portion of the first layer of conductive material is electrically shorted to the second portion of the second layer of conductive material.
14 . A pyroelectric sensor comprising:
a layer of pyroelectric material having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;
a first layer of conductive material coupled to the first surface of the layer of pyroelectric material, and a second layer of conductive material coupled to the second surface of the layer of pyroelectric material;
a first sensing element comprising a first portion of the first layer of conductive material, a first portion of the layer of pyroelectric material, a first portion of the second layer of conductive material, and a first absorption region coupled to the first portion of the first layer of conductive material;
a second sensing element comprising a second portion of the first layer of conductive material, a second portion of the layer of pyroelectric material, a second portion of the second layer of conductive material and a second absorption region coupled to the second portion of the first layer of conductive material; and
a dummy element enclosing both the first portion of the first layer of conductive material and the second portion of the first layer of conductive material.
15 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 14 , wherein the dummy element has a reflective top surface, the reflective top surface of the dummy element being opposite the first surface of the layer of conductive material relative to the dummy element.
16 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 14 , wherein the dummy element comprises a third portion of the first layer of conductive material, a third portion of the layer of pyroelectric material and a third portion of the second layer of conductive material.
17 . The pyroelectric sensor claim 16 , wherein the third portion of the first layer of conductive material is electrically shorted to the third portion of the second layer of conductive material.
18 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 16 , wherein the third portion of the first layer of conductive material and the third portion of the second layer of conductive material is connected to a discharge path.
19 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 14 , further comprising a second dummy element disposed between the first portion of the second layer of conductive material and the second portion of the second layer of conductive material.
20 . The pyroelectric sensor of claim 16 , wherein the dummy element further comprises a third absorption region coupled to the third portion of the first layer of conductive material, wherein the third portion of the first layer of conductive material is electrically shorted to the second portion of the second layer of conductive material.