Beam walking detection for eye tracking in a head-mounted device

1 . An eye tracking system for a head-mounted device comprising:

a detector array positioned on the head-mounted device to receive reflected light from an eyebox region of the head-mounted device;

a scanning mirror optically coupled between the eyebox region and the detector array, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to rotate to direct the reflected light from a plurality of locations within the eyebox region to the detector array;

a light source configured to provide pulses of light to illuminate at least part of the eyebox region; and

processing logic coupled to the detector array and configured to receive light detection data, wherein the processing logic is configured to determine an orientation or depth characteristic of an eye based at least partially on a travel duration of the pulses of light between the light source, the eyebox region, and the detector array.

2 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , further comprising:

processing logic coupled to the detector array to receive light detection data, wherein the processing logic is configured to determine an orientation of an eye in the eyebox region based on the light detection data,

wherein the detector array includes a plurality of pixels, wherein the light detection data is based on ones of the plurality of pixels in the detector array that receive the reflected light,

wherein the orientation of the eye is determined based on a distance traveled by the reflected light, wherein the distance traveled by the reflected light is at least partially determined based on a location of the ones of the plurality of pixels that receive the reflected light.

3 . The eye tracking system of claim 2 , wherein the scanning mirror rotates along a first axis to direct the pulses of light to a plurality of locations within the eyebox region, wherein the scanning mirror directs the reflected light from the plurality of locations onto the detector array,

wherein the distance traveled by the reflected light is at least partially determined based on an angle of the scanning mirror.

4 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein the scanning mirror is configured to rotate 50-70 degrees per period to direct the reflected light from the eyebox region to the detector array, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to rotate 50-70 degrees per period to direct the pulses of light from the light source to the eyebox region.

5 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 further comprising:

a beam splitter optically coupled between the light source, the detector array, and the scanning mirror,

wherein the beam splitter directs the pulses of light from the light source into a light path that is coaxial with the reflected light, wherein the beam splitter passes the reflected light to the detector array.

6 . The eye tracking system of claim 5 , wherein the beam splitter is a polarization beam splitter configured to redirect a first polarization orientation of the pulses of light and configured to transmit a second polarization orientation of the reflected light.

7 . The eye tracking system of claim 5 , wherein the beam splitter is a 50-50 beam splitter having a surface that redirects some of the pulses of light and that transmits some of the reflected light.

8 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein a duration of each of the pulses of light are shorter than 1 ns in duration.

9 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein the light source is a laser, a light emitting diode (LED), super-luminescent diode (SLED), an edge emitting LED, or a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).

10 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein the detector array is a two-dimensional (2D) array having rows and columns of pixels.

11 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein a scanning frequency includes a rate of 10 kHz to 100 kHz, wherein a range of scanning angles is 55-65°.

12 . The eye tracking system of claim 1 , wherein the light source, the scanning mirror, and the detector array operate together to provide 0.1 to 0.2 degrees of optical resolution.

13 . A head-mounted device comprising:

a frame configured to be worn about a head of a user;

a lens assembly carried by the frame; and

an eye tracking system comprising:

a detector array positioned on the head-mounted device to receive reflected light from an eyebox region of the head-mounted device;

a scanning mirror optically coupled between the eyebox region and the detector array, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to rotate to direct the reflected light from a plurality of locations within the eyebox region to the detector array;

a light source configured to provide pulses of light to illuminate at least part of the eyebox region; and

processing logic coupled to the detector array and configured to receive light detection data, wherein the processing logic is configured to determine an orientation or depth characteristic of an eye based at least partially on a travel duration of the pulses of light between the light source, the eyebox region, and the detector array.

14 . The head-mounted device of claim 13 , wherein the eye tracking system further comprises:

processing logic coupled to the detector array to receive light detection data, wherein the processing logic is configured to determine an orientation of an eye in the eyebox region based on the light detection data,

wherein the detector array includes a plurality of pixels, wherein the light detection data is based on ones of the plurality of pixels in the detector array that receive the reflected light,

wherein the orientation of the eye is determined based on a distance traveled by the reflected light, wherein the distance traveled by the reflected light is at least partially determined based on a location of the ones of the plurality of pixels that receive the reflected light.

15 . The head-mounted device of claim 13 , wherein a range of scanning angles includes 50-70 degrees per period to direct the reflected light from the eyebox region to the detector array, wherein the scanning mirror is configured to rotate with the range of scanning angles per period to direct the pulses of light from the light source to the eyebox region.

16 . The head-mounted device of claim 13 , wherein a eyebox scanning frequency includes a frequency in a range of 10 kHz to 100 KHz.

17 . A method of eye tracking with a head-mounted device comprising:

emitting pulses of light from a light source;

rotating a scanning mirror at an eyebox scanning frequency within a range of scanning angles;

directing, with the scanning mirror, the pulses of light from the light source towards an eye in an eyebox region;

directing, with the scanning mirror, light reflections from the eye to a detector array, wherein the detector array includes a plurality of pixels;

providing, with the detector array, light detection data that is representative of ones of the plurality of pixels that received light reflections in the detector array; and

determining, with processing logic, depth characteristics of the eye based on the light detection data, wherein the depth characteristics are determined at least partially based on a travel duration of the pulses of light between the light source, the eyebox region, and the detector array.

18 . The method of eye tracking of claim 17 further comprising:

applying the depth characteristics to a machine learning model; and

determining an orientation of the eye based on an output of the machine learning model.

19 . The method of eye tracking of claim 17 , wherein the depth characteristics of the eye are determined based on an angular velocity of the scanning mirror and based on a scan direction of the scanning mirror.

20 . The method of eye tracking of claim 17 , wherein the scanning mirror scans the eyebox region at an angular velocity of 10 kHz to 100 KHz.