Barium-based standards and associated devices, systems, and methods
The present technology is directed to barium-133 (“Ba-133”) based standards that simulate expected energy emissions of iodine-131 (“I-131”), and thus can be used to calibrate radioactivity measuring instruments (e.g., dose calibrators) used to measure the radioactivity of I-131 drug products. The Ba-133 standards can be manufactured in geometries typical of those used to administer I-131 drug products, including, for example, as a capsule, a syringe, a vial, etc.
1 . A barium-133 (Ba-133) based standard for calibrating an iodine-131 (I-131) radioactivity measuring instrument, the Ba-133 based standard comprising:
a container having one or more walls forming an enclosed chamber; and
a source matrix including Ba-133 positioned within the enclosed chamber, wherein Ba-133 is the sole radionuclide in the source matrix,
wherein the container attenuates X ray emissions from the source matrix.
2 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container selectively attenuates X ray emissions in an energy range of between about 30 keV and about 60 keV.
3 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container attenuates X ray emissions from the source matrix by at least 50%.
4 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container attenuates X ray emissions from the source matrix by at least 80%.
5 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container selectively attenuates X ray emissions without substantially attenuating energy emissions in other spectrums.
6 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the one or more walls have a thickness and a material composition, and wherein at least one of the thickness or the material composition selectively attenuates X ray emissions.
7 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container selectively attenuates X ray emissions such that detectable energy emissions of the source matrix external to the container approximate an expected energy emission of I-131 radioactive material.
8 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the Ba-133 based standard has a measurable radioactivity on an I-131 setting of a dose calibrator that is within ±10% of a measurable Ba-133 activity of the source matrix when tested on the Ba-133 setting of the dose calibrator.
9 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 8 wherein the measurable radioactivity is within ±3%.
10 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the Ba-133 based standard has a useful life of between 1 year and 12 years.
11 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the one or more walls are composed at least partially of stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, or alloys thereof.
12 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container is a capsule, a vial, or configured for placement within a syringe.
13 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container is composed of stainless steel, and wherein at least one of the one or more walls have a thickness in a range of from about 0.04 inch to about 0.07 inch.
14 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 13 wherein the thickness is in a range of from about 0.05 inch to about 0.06 inch.
15 . The Ba-133 based standard of claim 1 wherein the container is composed of tungsten.