Inhibition of lithium dendrite growth using ultra-thin sub-nanometer porous carbon nanomembrane in conventional and solid-state lithium-ion batteries
An exemplary lithium-ion battery may include an anode, a cathode, and a separator between the anode and cathode. The separator may be at least partially coated with a sub-nanometer porous membrane. The battery may be a conventional battery in which the anode and cathode are at least partially submerged in an electrolytic solution. Alternatively, the battery may be a solid-state battery disposed between the anode and cathode and having a solid-state electrolyte, which may serve as the separator.
1 . A lithium-ion battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a separator between the anode and cathode, the separator being at least partially coated with a sub-nanometer porous membrane; and
wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane is a carbon nanomembrane (CNM) coated on at least a cathode side of the separator.
2 . A lithium battery, comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a separator between the anode and cathode, the separator being at least partially coated with a sub-nanometer porous membrane;
wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane is a carbon nanomembrane (CNM) coated on at least a cathode side of the separator; and
wherein the anode is a lithium metal anode.
3 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane has an average pore diameter ranging between 0.3 nm and 0.9 nm and the sub-nanometer porous membrane has a pore density ranging between about 10 12 pores per cm 2 about 10 14 pores per cm 2 .
4 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane has a thickness ranging between 0.6 nm and 2.0 nm.
5 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane has a Young's Modulus ranging between 5 GPa to 500 GPa.
6 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane is electronically insulating with a relative dielectric constant of 3 k to 5 k.
7 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the CNM is further coated on an anode side of the separator.
8 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the CNM is one layer.
9 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the CNM is two layers.
10 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode and the cathode are at least partially submerged in an electrolytic solution.
11 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 10 , wherein the electrolytic solution includes 1M LiPF 6 in ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a 1:1 ratio.
12 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-ion battery is an all-solid state battery having a solid-state electrolyte, which serves as the separator.
13 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 12 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte is a garnet-type electrolyte.
14 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 13 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte is Li 6.5 La 3 Zr 1.5 Ta 0.5 O 12 (LLZT).
15 . A lithium-ion battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
an electrolytic solution in which the anode and cathode are at least partially submerged;
a separator between the anode and cathode;
a sub-nanometer porous membrane at least partially coating the separator; and
wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane is a carbon nanomembrane (CNM) having an average pore diameter ranging between 0.3 nm and 0.9 nm.
16 . A lithium-ion battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a solid-state electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode;
a sub-nanometer porous membrane at least partially coating the solid electrolyte; and
wherein the sub-nanometer porous membrane is a carbon nanomembrane (CNM) coated on at least a cathode side of the solid electrolyte.
17 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 16 , wherein the CNM is further coated on an anode side of the solid-state electrolyte.
18 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 16 , wherein the CNM is one layer.
19 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 15 , wherein the CNM is coated on at least a cathode side of the separator.
20 . The lithium-ion battery of claim 19 , wherein the CNM is further coated on an anode side of the separator.