Random number generator comprising a vertical cavity surface emitting laser
Provided for herein is random number generator that includes a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL, a mode separator and a photodetector, the random number generator further comprising a power source to drive the VCSEL in direct modulation mode. The VCSEL is adapted to emit, from an emitting section into space outside of a VCSEL cavity, laser light with two distinct laser modes of random relative strength that can propagate in a propagation direction away from the emitting section. The mode separator is arranged between the photodetector and the VCSEL in propagation direction to separate the two distinct laser modes from each other and to transmit one of the distinct laser modes to the photodetector.
1 . A random number generator comprising:
a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL);
a mode separator;
a photodetector; and
a power source to drive the VCSEL in direct modulation mode,
wherein the VCSEL is configured to emit, from an emitting section into space outside of a VCSEL cavity, laser light with two distinct laser modes of random relative strength that can propagate in a propagation direction away from the emitting section,
wherein the mode separator is arranged between the photodetector and the VCSEL in the propagation direction, and
wherein the mode separator is arranged to separate the two distinct laser modes from each other and to transmit one of the two distinct laser modes to the photodetector.
2 . The random number generator according to claim 1 , wherein the random number generator further comprises a digitizer connected to the photodetector, wherein the digitizer is configured to digitize a signal obtained from the photodetector so that, when the signal of the photodetector is above a threshold, the digitizer outputs a first value and when the signal of the photodetector is below the threshold, the digitizer outputs a second value that is different from the first value.
3 . The random number generator according to claim 2 , wherein the digitizer comprises an analog-to-digital converter.
4 . The random number generator according to claim 1 , wherein the VCSEL cavity does not comprise a mode suppressing component to suppress one of the two distinct laser modes.
5 . The random number generator according to claim 2 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 90% of a maximum energy that can be output by the VCSEL.
6 . The random number generator according to claim 2 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 75% of a maximum energy that can be output by the VCSEL.
7 . The random number generator according to claim 2 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 50% of a maximum energy that can be output by the VCSEL.
8 . The random number generator according to claim 2 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 20% of a maximum energy that can be output by the VCSEL.
9 . The random number generator according to claim 1 , wherein the VCSEL comprises, as an active medium for generating laser light, quantum dots or quantum wells.
10 . The random number generator according to claim 1 , wherein the mode separator comprises a polarization beam-splitter, a filter or a polarization-dependent optical isolator.
11 . The random number generator according to claim 1 , wherein an optical isolator is arranged between the mode separator and the emitting section of the VCSEL and/or between the mode separator and the photodetector.
12 . A method for generating random numbers using a random number generator comprising:
providing a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), a mode separator and a photodetector, a power source that drives the VCSEL in direct modulation mode;
driving the VCSEL via the power source such that the VCSEL emits, from an emitting section into space outside of a VCSEL cavity, laser light with two distinct laser modes of random relative strength that propagates in a propagation direction away from the emitting section;
separating the laser light via the mode separator such that the mode separator transmits one of the two distinct laser modes to the photodetector; and
obtaining, from the photodetector, a signal depending on an intensity of the laser light received at the photodetector via the mode separator from the VCSEL.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the random number generator further comprises a digitizer connected to the photodetector, the method further comprises digitizing, via the digitizer, the signal obtained from the photodetector such that when the signal of the photodetector is above a threshold, the digitizer outputs a first value, and such that when the signal of the photodetector is below the threshold, the digitizer outputs a second value that is different from the first value.
14 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 90% of a maximum energy that is output by the VCSEL.
15 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 75% of a maximum energy that is output by the VCSEL.
16 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 50% of a maximum energy that is output by the VCSEL.
17 . The method according to claim 13 , wherein the threshold has a value corresponding to at least 29% of a maximum energy that is output by the VCSEL.
18 . The method according to claim 12 , further comprising adjusting, via a controller, a frequency of the direct modulation mode depending on a number of random numbers to be generated per time unit.