Electronic device including a camera

1 . An electronic device, comprising:

an image sensor;

a processor; and

a memory,

wherein the image sensor includes:

at least one photo diode;

a transfer gate (TG) connecting the at least one photo diode to a first node;

a first capacitor connected to the first node and having first capacitance;

a dynamic range gate (DRG) connected between the first node and a second node;

a second capacitor connected to the second node and having second capacitance;

an analog-digital converter (ADC); and

a micro controller unit configured to:

obtain first analog data at the first node, by deactivating the DRG,

convert the first analog data into first digital data by applying a first gain in the ADC,

obtain second analog data at the first node and the second node, by activating the DRG, and

convert the second analog data into second digital data by applying a second gain smaller than the first gain in the ADC, and

wherein the processor is configured to:

generate dark part data having a value equal to or less than a first reference value, based on the first digital data,

generate bright part data having a value greater than or equal to a second reference value that is greater than the first reference value, based on the second digital data, and

generate a high dynamic range (HDR) image based on the generated dark part data and the generated bright part data.

2 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the micro controller unit is further configured to:

charge the at least one photo diode by performing a single exposure,

charge the first capacitor by activating the TG and deactivating the DRG, and

obtain the first analog data by reading out the charge in the first capacitor.

3 . The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the micro controller unit is further configured to:

charge the second capacitor by activating the TG and activating the DRG, after obtaining the first analog data, and

obtain the second analog data by reading out the charge in the first capacitor and the charge in the second capacitor.

4 . The electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the image sensor further comprises a reset switch connected between the second node and a power supply, and

wherein the micro controller unit is further configured to activate the reset switch and activate the DRG, before performing the single exposure, to determine a value of residual charges based on at least one of the first capacitor or the second capacitor.

5 . The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the micro controller unit is further configured to:

store the value of the residual charges, before obtaining the first analog data and the second analog data, and

obtain the first analog data and the second analog data based on the value of the residual charges.

6 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first gain is four times greater than the second gain.

7 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate the HDR image by performing zero-padding and tone-mapping on the first digital data and the second digital data.

8 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the HDR image has 16 times an HDR ratio between the first digital data and the second digital data.

9 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second capacitance is three times greater than the first capacitance.

10 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the ADC comprises a first ADC configured to convert the first analog data into the first digital data by applying the first gain and a second ADC configured to convert the second analog data into the second digital data by applying the second gain.

11 . The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the micro controller unit is further configured to:

obtain the first digital data by providing an average of multiple readings of a charge in the first capacitor, to the ADC, and

obtain the second digital data by providing an average of multiple readings of the charge in the first capacitor and a charge in the second capacitor, to the ADC.

12 . An electronic device, comprising:

a camera module;

a processor; and

a memory,

wherein the camera module includes:

a lens;

an image sensor; and

an image signal processor,

wherein the image sensor includes:

at least one photo diode;

a transfer gate (TG) connecting the at least one photo diode to a first node;

a first capacitor connected to the first node and having first capacitance;

a dynamic range gate (DRG) connected between the first node and a second node;

a second capacitor connected to the second node and having second capacitance; and

an analog-digital converter (ADC), and

wherein the image signal processor is configured to:

obtain first analog data at the first node, by deactivating the DRG,

convert the first analog data into first digital data by applying a first gain in the ADC,

obtain second analog data at the first node and the second node, by activating the DRG,

convert the second analog data into second digital data by applying a second gain smaller than the first gain in the ADC,

generate dark part data having a value equal to or less than a first reference value, based on the first digital data,

generate bright part data having a value greater than or equal to a second reference value that is greater than the first reference value, based on the second digital data, and

generate a high dynamic range (HDR) image based on the generated dark part data and the generated bright part data.

13 . The electronic device of claim 12 , wherein the image signal processor is further configured to:

charge the at least one photo diode by performing a single exposure,

charge the first capacitor by activating the TG and deactivating the DRG, and

obtain the first analog data by reading out the charge in the first capacitor.

14 . The electronic device of claim 13 , wherein the image signal processor is further configured to:

charge the second capacitor by activating the TG and activating the DRG, after obtaining the first analog data, and

obtain the second analog data by reading out the charge in the first capacitor and the charge in the second capacitor.

15 . The electronic device of claim 12 , further comprising:

a sensor module configured to generate a signal corresponding to a state of an environment or a user,

wherein the image signal processor is further configured to:

obtain sensor information related to capturing an image, based on the sensor module,

adjust at least one of the first gain or the second gain, based on the sensor information, and

generate the HDR image by converting at least one of the first analog data or the second analog data, based on the adjusted at least one of the first gain or the second gain.