Prosthetic valves, frames and leaflets and methods thereof
Prosthetic heart valves including radially compressible and expandable frames. A frame includes a plurality of interconnected frame elements forming a plurality of cells, which are arranged in a first circumferential row of cells defining an inflow end of the frame and a second circumferential row of cells defining an outflow end of the frame. An outflow portion of the second row of cells includes a circumferential row of angled frame elements interconnected to each other at a plurality of upper junctions and a plurality of lower junctions. The upper junctions define the outflow end of the frame and the lower junctions point toward the inflow end of the frame. The lower junctions are not connected to other portions of the frame.
1 . A prosthetic valve comprising:
a radially compressible and expandable frame having a longitudinal axis, an inflow end, and an outflow end, wherein the frame comprises a plurality of angled frame elements arranged in a plurality of circumferentially extending rows of angled frame elements of the plurality of angled frame elements, including a first row of angled frame elements of the plurality of angled frame elements arranged in a zigzag configuration extending in a circumferential direction of the frame, a second row of angled frame elements of the plurality of angled frame elements arranged in a zigzag configuration extending in the circumferential direction of the frame and positioned downstream of the first row of angled frame elements, and a third row of angled frame elements of the plurality of angled frame elements arranged in a zigzag configuration extending in the circumferential direction of the frame and positioned downstream of the second row of angled frame elements, wherein the frame further comprises a row of circumferentially-spaced longitudinal frame posts interconnecting the second and the third row of angled frame elements, wherein each of the longitudinal frame posts extends in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis; and
a plurality of leaflets disposed within a lumen of the frame, each of the leaflets having a leaflet base and a leaflet free edge opposite the leaflet base, the leaflet free edges configured to move between an open position and a closed position during opening-closing cycles associated with blood pressure differentials across the prosthetic valve;
wherein the angled frame elements of the third row of angled frame elements have upper ends connected to each other at a plurality of first junctions and lower ends connected to each other at a plurality of second junctions, wherein the first junctions define the outflow end of the frame and the second junctions are axially offset from the first junctions toward the inflow end of the frame;
wherein the angled frame elements of the second row of angled frame elements have upper ends connected to each other at a plurality of third junctions and lower ends connected to each other at a plurality of fourth junctions;
wherein each longitudinal frame post has an upper end connected to a respective first junction of the third row of angled frame elements and a lower end connected to a respective third junction of the second row of angled frame elements, wherein the lower ends of the longitudinal frame posts terminate at respective third junctions of the second row of angled frame elements, and wherein each third junction comprises an intersection of only the upper ends of two adjacent angled frame elements of the second row of angled frame elements and the lower end of one of the longitudinal frame posts, and is not connected to other portions of the frame.
2 . The prosthetic valve of claim 1 , wherein the second row of angled frame elements, the third row of angled frame elements, and the row of longitudinal frame posts define a circumferentially extending first row of interconnected cells.
3 . The prosthetic valve of claim 2 , wherein a circumferentially extending second row of interconnected cells is defined between the first row of angled frame elements and the second row of angled frame elements.
4 . The prosthetic valve of claim 3 , wherein the frame comprises exactly two circumferentially extending rows of interconnected cells including the first row of interconnected cells and the second row of interconnected cells.
5 . The prosthetic valve of claim 4 , wherein the first row of interconnected cells is an inflow row of cells, and wherein the second row of interconnected cells is an outflow row of cells.
6 . The prosthetic valve of claim 4 , wherein the frame comprises exactly three rows of circumferentially extending rows of angled frame elements, including the first row of angled frame elements, the second row of angled frame elements, and the third row of angled frame elements.
7 . The prosthetic valve of claim 2 , wherein each cell in the first row of interconnected cells is a six-sided cell.
8 . The prosthetic valve of claim 6 , wherein each cell in the first row of interconnected cells is generally chevron-shaped.
9 . The prosthetic valve of claim 3 , wherein each cell in the second row of interconnected cells is generally diamond-shaped.
10 . The prosthetic valve of claim 1 , wherein the leaflets comprise exactly three leaflets, and wherein each of the leaflets comprises pericardium.
11 . The prosthetic valve of claim 1 , further comprising a polymer layer, wherein the polymer layer extends circumferentially over an exterior surface of an inflow end portion of the frame.
12 . A prosthetic valve comprising:
a radially compressible and expandable frame having a longitudinal axis, an inflow end, and an outflow end, wherein the frame comprises a plurality of interconnected frame elements forming a plurality of cells, each of the cells defining an aperture, wherein the plurality of cells are arranged in exactly two rows of cells including a first circumferential row of first cells of the plurality of cells defining the inflow end of the frame and a second circumferential row of second cells of the plurality of cells defining the outflow end of the frame;
wherein each second cell in the second row of cells is formed by a pair of longitudinal frame posts forming opposing sides of the second cell, a pair of upper frame elements forming an outflow portion of the second cell, and a pair of lower frame elements forming an inflow portion of the second cell;
wherein a first upper frame element of each pair of upper frame elements has an upper end connected to a first end of a first longitudinal frame post of a respective pair of longitudinal frame posts, and a second upper frame element of the same pair of upper frame elements has an upper end connected to a first end of a second longitudinal frame post of the respective pair of longitudinal frame posts, and wherein the first and second upper frame elements have respective lower ends connected to each other in a V-shape having a first apex pointing toward the inflow end of the frame; and
wherein a first lower frame element of each pair of lower frame elements has an upper end connected to a second end of the first longitudinal frame post of the respective pair of longitudinal frame posts, and a second lower frame element of the same pair of lower frame elements has an upper end connected to a second end of the second longitudinal frame post of the respective pair of longitudinal frame posts, and wherein the first and second lower frame elements have respective lower ends connected to each other in a V-shape having a second apex pointing toward the inflow end of the frame;
wherein the second end of each longitudinal frame post terminates at a frame junction defined by the second end of the longitudinal frame post and the upper ends of two adjacent lower frame elements of two adjacent second cells and no other components of the frame.
13 . The prosthetic valve of claim 12 , further comprising a plurality of leaflets disposed within a lumen of the frame, each of the leaflets having a leaflet base and a leaflet free edge opposite the leaflet base, wherein the leaflet free edges are configured to move between an open position and a closed position during opening-closing cycles associated with blood pressure differentials across the prosthetic valve.
14 . The prosthetic valve of claim 12 , further comprising a polymer layer, wherein the polymer layer extends circumferentially over at least a portion of each cell in the first circumferential row of cells.
15 . The prosthetic valve of claim 12 , wherein each first apex is a free apex that is not connected to other portions of the frame.
16 . The prosthetic valve of claim 12 , wherein each second cell is generally chevron-shaped.
17 . A prosthetic valve comprising:
a radially compressible and expandable frame having a longitudinal axis, an inflow end, and an outflow end, wherein the frame comprises a plurality of interconnected angled frame elements forming a plurality of cells, each of the cells defining an aperture, wherein the cells are arranged in a first circumferential row of cells of the plurality of cells and a second circumferential row of cells of the plurality of cells, wherein the first row of cells is upstream of the second row of cells;
wherein an outflow portion of the second circumferential row of cells comprises a first circumferential row of angled frame elements interconnected with each other at a plurality of upper junctions and a plurality of lower junctions, wherein the upper junctions define the outflow end of the frame and the lower junctions point toward the inflow end of the frame, and wherein the lower junctions are not connected to other portions of the frame; and
a plurality of longitudinal frame posts, wherein each of the upper junctions is connected to one of the longitudinal frame posts, which extends from the upper junction toward the inflow end of the frame in a direction that is parallel to the longitudinal axis;
wherein an inflow portion of the second circumferential row of cells comprises a second circumferential row of angled frame elements interconnected with each other at a plurality of upper junctions and a plurality of lower junctions, wherein a lower end of each longitudinal frame post terminates at a respective upper junction of the second circumferential row of angled frame elements which is not connected to other portions of the frame.
18 . The prosthetic valve of claim 17 , further comprising a plurality of leaflets disposed within a lumen of the frame, each of the leaflets having a leaflet base and a leaflet free edge opposite the leaflet base, wherein the leaflet free edges are configured to move between an open position and a closed position during opening-closing cycles associated with blood pressure differentials across the prosthetic valve.