Particles with an ASTM D-5757 attrition index between 5 and 25
Described herein are compositions, inventories, and mixtures particles having an attrition index between 5 and 25, as measured according to ASTM D-5757 for a sieve fraction of between 40 and 105 microns.
1 . A composition, inventory, or mixture comprising at least a first plurality of particles having an attrition index between 5 and 25, as measured according to ASTM D-5757 for a sieve fraction of between 40 and 105 microns,
wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles further comprise one or more of:
platinum and palladium
in or on the particles.
2 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of particles has an attrition index between 10 and 20, as measured according to ASTM D-5757 for a sieve fraction of a plurality of the porous particle of between 40 and 105 microns.
3 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles each have a diameter of less than 1 mm.
4 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise one or more of silica, alumina, zeolite, silica sol, alumina sol, pseudo-boehmite alumina, and/or a clay-based matrix.
5 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise silica.
6 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles are spray-dried silica particles.
7 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise alumina.
8 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles are gamma-alumina particles or theta-alumina particles.
9 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles are theta-alumina particles.
10 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise silica and alumina.
11 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles are spent catalysts as obtained from a fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process.
12 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the zeolite is faujasite, Type Y zeolite, and/or ZSM-5.
13 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 4 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-5.
14 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles have a surface area (BET) of between 50 and 300 m 2 /g.
15 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles are porous.
16 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 15 , wherein the porous particles of the first plurality of particles have a pore volume of between 0.05 and 0.50 mL/g, as measured by the water pore volume.
17 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles collectively have an average (D50) size of between 60 and 90 microns, as measured by laser diffraction.
18 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of particles are Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst particles.
19 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of particles are Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) additive particles.
20 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles further comprise one or more of:
iridium, ruthenium, and rhodium
in or on the particles.
21 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 2 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise platinum in or on the particles.
22 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise palladium in or on the particles.
23 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles comprise: platinum and palladium in or on the particles.
24 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , wherein the particles of the first plurality of particles further comprise at least one of cerium oxide and copper oxide.
25 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 , further comprising a second plurality of particles, wherein the first plurality of porous particles have, collectively, a higher attrition index, as measured by ASTM D-5757, than the second plurality of particles, collectively.
26 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 25 , wherein the particles of the second plurality of particles are FCC catalyst particles or FCC additive particles.
27 . The composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 25 , wherein the particles of the second plurality of particles are FCC catalyst particles.
28 . A method of fluid catalytic cracking, the method comprising contacting a composition, inventory, or mixture of claim 1 with at least one hydrocarbon in a FCC unit.
29 . The method of claim 28 , further comprising removing, from a flue gas, fines resulting from the first plurality of particles.
30 . A composition, inventory, or mixture comprising at least a first plurality of particles having an attrition index between 5 and 25, as measured according to ASTM D-5757 for a sieve fraction of between 40 and 105 microns, and
a second plurality of particles,
wherein the first plurality of porous particles have, collectively, a higher attrition index, as measured by ASTM D-5757, than the second plurality of particles, collectively.
31 . A composition, inventory, or mixture comprising at least a first plurality of particles having an attrition index between 5 and 25, as measured according to ASTM D-5757 for a sieve fraction of between 40 and 105 microns,
wherein the first plurality of particles are Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) additive particles.