Li-rich cathode materials exhibiting non-topotactic reactions and components incorporating same
View Patent ↗This disclosure provides systems, methods, apparatus, and compositions of matter related to lithium-ion batteries. In one aspect, a lithium metal oxide has a general formula Li 1+x (MM′) 1−x−y D y O 2 . M is a redox-active transition metal, M′ is a redox-inactive transition metal, and D is a metal dopant selected from a group consisting of V, Cr, Fe, and Mo. D is not M or M′, and M is not M′. 0<x≤0.2 and 0<y≤0.2. The lithium metal oxide has a cation-disordered rocksalt structure.
1 . A lithium metal oxide comprising a cation-disordered rocksalt structure comprising a general formula of Li 1.2 M 0.8−x−y M′ y D x O 2 , wherein:
M is a redox-active transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn and Ni;
M′ is a redox-inactive transition metal Ti;
D is a metal dopant selected from a group consisting of V, Cr, Fe, and Mo;
0<x≤0.2; and
y≥0.4.
2 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 having a composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.4−x Ti 0.4 D x O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.2.
3 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 2 , wherein D is Cr.
4 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 having a composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.3 Ti 0.4 Cr 0.1 O 2 (LMTC01O).
5 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 having a composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.2 Ti 0.4 Cr 0.2 O 2 (LMTC02O).
6 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 having a composition of Li 1.2 Ni 0.2−x Ti 0.6−x D 2x O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.1.
7 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 6 , wherein D is Cr.
8 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 having a composition of Li 1.2 Ni 0.1 Ti 0.5 Cr 0.2 O 2 (LNTC02O).
9 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 , wherein D is Cr or Mo.
10 . The lithium metal oxide of claim 1 , wherein D is Cr.
11 . A method for manufacturing a lithium metal oxide comprising a cation-disordered rocksalt structure having a general formula of Li 1.2 M 0.8−x−y M′ y D x O 2 , wherein M is a redox-active transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn and Ni, M′ is a redox-inactive transition metal Ti, D is a metal dopant selected from the group consisting of V, Cr, Fe, and Mo, 0<x≤0.2, and y ≥0.4, the method comprising:
providing at least one lithium-based precursor;
providing a redox-active transition metal-based precursor;
providing a redox-inactive transition metal-based precursor;
providing a dopant metal-based precursor wherein the metal is D; and
mixing the at least one lithium-based precursor, the redox-active transition metal-based precursor, the redox-inactive transition metal-based precursor, and the dopant metal-based precursor to form a mixture.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein:
the redox-active transition metal-based precursor is selected from the group consisting of NiO, Ni 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , MnO, and Mn 2 O 3 .
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the at least one lithium-based precursor is selected from the group consisting of Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O, Li 2 SO 4 , LiCl, LiNO 3 , and combinations thereof.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the dopant metal-based precursor is selected from the group consisting of V 2 O 3 , VO 2 , Cr 2 O 3 , FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , MoO 2 , and Mo 2 O 3 .
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein stoichiometric amounts of the at least one lithium-based precursor, the redox-active transition metal-based precursor, the redox-inactive transition metal-based precursor, and the dopant metal-based precursor are mixed, and wherein the at least one lithium-based precursor is added in up to 15% excess of a specified lithium composition.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the redox-inactive transition metal-based precursor is TiO 2 .
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein D is Cr or Mo.
18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein D is Cr.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the lithium metal oxide comprises a composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.4−x Ti 0.4 D x O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.2, or a composition of Li 1.2 Ni 0.2−x Ti 0.6−x D 2x O 2 , wherein 0<x≤0.1.
20 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the lithium metal oxide comprises a composition of Li 1.2 Mn 0.3 Ti 0.4 Cr 0.1 O 2 (LMTC01O), Li 1.2 Mn 0.2 Ti 0.4 Cr 0.2 O 2 (LMTC02O), or Li 1.2 Ni 0.1 Ti 0.5 Cr 0.2 O 2 (LNTC02O).