Seashell and multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced nylon composites
A composite including a thermoplastic polyamide resin, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and seashells (SSs). The particles of the SSs have an average size of less than 100 micrometers (μm). The composite includes 80-99 wt. % of the thermoplastic polyamide resin, 0.1-1 wt. % of the MWCNTs, and 1-20 wt. % of the SSs, based on a total weight of the composite. The MWCNTs and particles of the SSs are dispersed in a matrix of the thermoplastic polyamide resin. The composite has a tensile strength of greater than 90 megapascals (MPa).
1 . A composite, including:
a thermoplastic polyamide resin;
multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); and
seashells (SSs),
wherein particles of the SSs have an average size of less than 100 μm, and
wherein the composite includes 80-99 wt. % of the thermoplastic polyamide resin, 0.1-1 wt. % of the MWCNTs, and 1-20 wt. % of the SSs, based on a total weight of the composite,
wherein the MWCNTs and particles of the SSs are dispersed in a matrix of the thermoplastic polyamide resin,
wherein particles of the SSs have an average size of 70-80 μm,
wherein the thermoplastic polyamide resin is nylon 66,
wherein the composite has a smooth surface morphology with protrusions from particles of the SSs,
wherein the protrusions are spaced 50 μm to 500 μm apart
wherein the protrusions extend out of a composite surface by 10 to 60 μm,
wherein the SSs are chemically bonded to the thermoplastic polyamide resin,
wherein the composite has a flexural strength of 100 to 115 MPa, and
wherein the composite has a tensile strength of 90 to 100 MPa.
2 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein particles of the SSs include at least one of calcite and aragonite.
3 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein particles of the SSs are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix of the thermoplastic polyamide resin.
4 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the MWCNTs have an average diameter of 10-20 nm.
5 . The composite of claim 4 , wherein the MWCNTs have an average length of 3-8 μm.
6 . The composite of claim 1 , having a Shore D hardness of at least 100.
7 . The composite of claim 1 , having a Vicat softening point of at least 270° C.
8 . The composite of claim 1 , having an elongation of less than 45%.
9 . The composite of claim 1 , including 87 wt. % of the thermoplastic polyamide resin, 1 wt. % of the MWCNTs, and 12 wt. % of the SSs, based on a total weight of the composite.
10 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the protrusions are spaced 75 μm to 400 μm apart.
11 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the protrusions extend out of a composite surface by 20 to 50 μm.
12 . The composite of claim 1 , including 84 to 95 wt. % of the thermoplastic polyamide resin, 0.1-1 wt. % of the MWCNTs, and 6 to 15 wt. % of the SSs, based on a total weight of the composite.
13 . The composite of claim 1 , wherein the SSs are chemically bonded to the thermoplastic polyamide resin through covalent bonds between the calcium carbonate of the SSs and the amide groups in the thermoplastic polyamide resin.
14 . An automotive door panel, including the composite of claim 1 .