Liquid crystal diffraction element, image display apparatus, and head mounted display
There is provided a liquid crystal diffraction element in which chromatic aberration is small and diffraction efficiency is high in the liquid crystal diffraction element, and an image display apparatus and a head mounted display which use this diffraction element. The liquid crystal diffraction element includes an optically anisotropic layer that is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound, where the optically anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one in-plane direction, and the optically anisotropic layer has at least a curved surface portion.
1 . A liquid crystal diffraction element comprising:
an optically anisotropic layer that is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound,
wherein the optically anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one in-plane direction,
the optically anisotropic layer has at least a curved surface portion, and
the at least one in-plane direction in which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating in the liquid crystal alignment pattern is parallel to a curved direction of the curved surface portion.
2 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and has a region in which in the thickness direction, the dark portions are tilted with respect to the main surface.
3 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and the dark portions have one or more inflection points of angle.
4 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and the dark portions have two or more inflection points of angle.
5 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in a case where a length over which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal alignment pattern rotates by 180° in a plane is set as a single period, regions in which lengths of the single periods are different from each other are provided in a plane direction.
6 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 5 ,
wherein a region in which the length of the single period in the liquid crystal alignment pattern gradually changes along the one in-plane direction is provided.
7 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 3 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and has regions in which tilt directions of the dark portions of the optically anisotropic layer are different from each other in a plane direction.
8 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 3 ,
wherein a region in which an average tilt angle of the dark portion gradually changes along the one in-plane direction is provided.
9 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 3 ,
wherein in a case where a length over which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal alignment pattern rotates by 180° in a plane is set as a single period, a region in which an average tilt angle of the dark portion increases as the length of the single period decreases is provided in a plane direction.
10 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in the liquid crystal alignment pattern of the optically anisotropic layer, the one direction in which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating is provided in a radial shape directed from an inner side toward an outer side.
11 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 10 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and
in the optically anisotropic layer, shapes of the bright portions and the dark portions in a cross section of a radial center portion are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the optically anisotropic layer in the thickness direction, and shapes of the bright portions and the dark portions in a cross section of a radial end part are asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the optically anisotropic layer in the thickness direction.
12 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 10 ,
wherein in an image captured by observing a cross section of the optically anisotropic layer with a scanning electron microscope, the cross sections being cut in a thickness direction along the one in-plane direction, the optically anisotropic layer has bright portions and dark portions, which extend from one main surface to the other main surface, and
in the optically anisotropic layer, shapes of the bright portions and the dark portions in a cross section of a radial center portion are asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the optically anisotropic layer in the thickness direction, and shapes of the bright portions and the dark portions in a cross section of a radial end part are asymmetrical with respect to the center line of the optically anisotropic layer in the thickness direction.
13 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein in the optically anisotropic layer, the liquid crystal compound is cholesterically aligned in a thickness direction.
14 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein a refractive index difference Δn 550 associated with a refractive index anisotropy of the optically anisotropic layer is 0.2 or more.
15 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein at least a part of the optically anisotropic layer in a plane has the curved surface portion having a curvature radius of 20 mm to 2,500 mm.
16 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the liquid crystal diffraction element consists of a substrate having at least a curved surface portion and the optically anisotropic layer which is disposed on a substrate and has a curved surface portion along the curved surface portion of the substrate.
17 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 16 ,
wherein the substrate, an alignment film, and the optically anisotropic layer are disposed in this order.
18 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 16 ,
wherein the substrate, an adhesive layer, and the optically anisotropic layer are disposed in this order.
19 . An optical element comprising:
the liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ; and
a retardation layer having at least a curved surface portion.
20 . The optical element according to claim 19 ,
wherein the retardation layer has a λ/4 phase difference.
21 . An optical element comprising:
a linear polarizer having at least a curved surface portion, and
the liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 .
22 . The optical element according to claim 21 , comprising in the following order:
the liquid crystal diffraction element;
a retardation layer; and
the linear polarizer.
23 . The optical element according to claim 21 , comprising in the following order:
the liquid crystal diffraction element;
a first retardation layer;
the linear polarizer; and
a second retardation layer.
24 . The optical element according to claim 21 , comprising in the following order:
a first linear polarizer;
a first retardation layer;
the liquid crystal diffraction element;
a second retardation layer; and
a second linear polarizer.
25 . The optical element according to claim 21 , comprising in the following order:
a first linear polarizer;
a first retardation layer;
the liquid crystal diffraction element;
a second retardation layer;
a second linear layer; and
a third retardation layer.
26 . An image display apparatus comprising:
the liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ; and
a display panel.
27 . The image display apparatus according to claim 26 ,
wherein the display panel has at least a curved surface portion.
28 . A head mounted display comprising:
the image display apparatus according to claim 26 .
29 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 1 ,
wherein the liquid crystal diffraction element comprises a substrate having at least a curved surface portion and the optically anisotropic layer which is disposed on the substrate and has a curved surface portion along the curved surface portion of the substrate,
the curved surface portion of the substrate is a convex curved surface or a concave curved surface,
in the liquid crystal alignment pattern of the optically anisotropic layer, the one direction in which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating is provided in a radial shape directed from an inner side toward an outer side.
30 . A liquid crystal diffraction element comprising:
an optically anisotropic layer that is formed of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound,
wherein the optically anisotropic layer has a liquid crystal alignment pattern in which a direction of an optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating along at least one in-plane direction,
the optically anisotropic layer has at least a curved surface portion, and
at least a part of the optically anisotropic layer in a plane has the curved surface portion having a curvature radius of 20 mm to 2,500 mm.
31 . The liquid crystal diffraction element according to claim 30 ,
wherein the liquid crystal diffraction element comprises a substrate having at least a curved surface portion and the optically anisotropic layer which is disposed on the substrate and has a curved surface portion along the curved surface portion of the substrate,
the curved surface portion of the substrate is a convex curved surface or a concave curved surface,
in the liquid crystal alignment pattern of the optically anisotropic layer, the one direction in which the direction of the optical axis derived from the liquid crystal compound changes while continuously rotating is provided in a radial shape directed from an inner side toward an outer side.