Over-current protection device
An over-current protection device includes an electrode layer and a heat-sensitive layer. The heat-sensitive layer contacts a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer of the electrode layer, and is laminated therebetween. In addition, the heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and includes a polymer matrix and a conductive filler. The polymer matrix includes a first fluoropolymer, by which the over-current protection device has a starting jump temperature of resistance ranging from 184° C. to 192° C. The conductive filler includes carbon black and a metal compound, thereby forming an electrically conductive path in the heat-sensitive layer.
1 . An over-current protection device, comprising:
an electrode layer having a top metal layer and a bottom metal layer; and
a heat-sensitive layer contacting the top metal layer and the bottom metal layer, and being laminated therebetween, wherein the heat-sensitive layer exhibits a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) characteristic and comprises:
a polymer matrix comprising a first fluoropolymer, whereby the over-current protection device has a starting jump temperature of resistance ranging from 184° C. to 192° C.; and
a conductive filler comprising carbon black and a metal compound, and dispersed in the polymer matrix, thereby forming an electrically conductive path in the heat-sensitive layer.
2 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix does not comprise polyvinylidene difluoride, and the over-current protection device has a resistance-peak temperature over 208° C.
3 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the first fluoropolymer has a melting point lower than 240° C.
4 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the first fluoropolymer is ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, and the over-current protection device has a resistance-peak temperature over 208° C.
5 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the total volume of the heat-sensitive layer is calculated as 100%, and the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer accounts for 42% to 49%.
6 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the total volume of the heat-sensitive layer is calculated as 100%, and the metal compound accounts for 33% to 40%.
7 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix further comprises a second fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoro-propylene copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy modified tetrafluoroethylenes, vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluorodioxole copolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, and mixture or copolymer of combinations thereof, wherein the total volume of the heat-sensitive layer is calculated as 100%, and the second fluoropolymer accounts for 4% to 6%.
8 . The over-current protection device of claim 7 , wherein the polymer matrix does not comprise poly(chlorotri-fluorotetrafluoroethylene).
9 . The over-current protection device of claim 7 , wherein the second fluoropolymer is polytetrafluoroethylene.
10 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the first fluoropolymer has a melt flow index ranging from 20 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min at 297° C.
11 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device has a peak resistance equal to or higher than 1×10 7 Ω after trip.
12 . The over-current protection device of claim 11 , wherein the peak resistance ranges from 1×10 7 Ω to 3×10 7 Ω.
13 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device has an electrical resistivity ranging from 0.02 Ω·cm to 0.09 Ω·cm when cooled back to room temperature after a first trip event.
14 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device has a resistance-jump ratio ranging from 2.1 to 2.5 in a first cycle life test, wherein:
the first cycle life test comprises applying a power to the over-current protection device for a specified number of cycles, wherein the power is 24V/40 A and the specified number of cycles is 200; and
the resistance-jump ratio is obtained by dividing a post-trip resistance by an initial electrical resistance, wherein the over-current protection device has the initial electrical resistance at room temperature before any trip event, and the over-current protection device has the post-trip resistance when cooled back to room temperature after the first cycle life test.
15 . The over-current protection device of claim 14 , wherein the resistance-jump ratio ranges from 2.4 to 2.5.
16 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device is not burnt out after a second cycle life test, wherein:
the second cycle life test comprises applying a power to the over-current protection device for a specified number of cycles, wherein the power is 24V/40 A and the specified number of cycles is 500.
17 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device is not burnt out after a third cycle life test, wherein:
the third cycle life test comprises applying a power to the over-current protection device for a specified number of cycles, wherein the power is 30V/30 A and the specified number of cycles is 100.
18 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device has a first thermal derating ratio ranging from 0.51 to 0.66, wherein the first thermal derating ratio is obtained by dividing a required trip current of the over-current protection device under 23° C. by a required trip current of the over-current protection device under −40° C.
19 . The over-current protection device of claim 1 , wherein the over-current protection device has a second thermal derating ratio ranging from 0.63 to 0.73, wherein the second thermal derating ratio is obtained by dividing a required trip current of the over-current protection device under 125° C. by a required trip current of the over-current protection device under 85° C.