Scalable 2-D joint phase-time arrays and beamforming operation
Scalable 2D joint phase-time arrays (JPTA) support multiple simultaneous RF beams without sacrificing array gain. A 2D JPTA comprises M antenna groups that each comprise N antennas, each coupled to one of N phase shifters. The array comprises M delay elements configured to: apply a time delay to a first signal to be transmitted by one of the antenna groups while each phase shifter in the group phase shifts the time-delayed first signal and feeds the phase-shifted-and-time-delayed first signal to the corresponding antenna, or apply the time delay to a second signal received from the group while each phase shifter phase shifts a third signal received from the antenna, the second signal being a combination of the phase-shifted third signals. The time delays produce a beam spread in a first dimension of the array such that multiple beams are formed in different directions.
1 . A two-dimensional (2D) antenna array comprising:
a first number (M) of antenna groups that each comprise a second number (N) of antenna elements and N phase shifters, each antenna element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the phase shifters; and
M time delay elements arranged in parallel to each other, each time delay element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna groups and configured to:
simultaneously apply a respective time delay to a first signal to be transmitted by the corresponding antenna group, the first signal being an analog signal, wherein:
each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group is configured to apply a respective phase shift to the time-delayed first signal and feed the phase-shifted-and-time-delayed first signal to the corresponding antenna element, or
apply the respective time delay to a second signal that is received from the corresponding antenna group, wherein:
each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group is configured to apply the respective phase shift to a third signal received from the corresponding antenna element; and
the second signal is a combination of the phase-shifted third signals,
wherein the antenna groups are further configured to form multiple beams based on the phase shifts and the time delays, and
wherein the time delays are configured to produce a beam spread in a first dimension of the 2D antenna array such that the multiple beams are formed in different directions.
2 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein:
the phase shifts are configured to produce beam steering of the multiple beams in a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
the beam spread in the first dimension in combination with the beam steering in the second dimension produces a frequency dependent beam spread in the multiple beams.
3 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into an equal number of rows along the first dimension and columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
4 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into one column along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
5 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein:
the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into a third number (K) of rows along the first dimension and a fourth number (L) of columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
K*L=N.
6 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein:
the M antenna groups and the corresponding M time delay elements are provided in a single integrated circuit (IC), and
the 2D antenna array further comprises a plurality of such ICs.
7 . The 2D antenna array of claim 1 , wherein:
the M antenna groups are provided in a single IC,
the 2D antenna array comprises a plurality of such ICs arranged into a fifth number (Y) of rows along the first dimension and a sixth number (X) of columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array,
the 2D antenna array comprises a total of M*X time delay elements located external to the antenna group ICs,
M of the M*X time delay elements correspond to each of the X columns, and
for each column:
each time delay element of the corresponding M time delay elements is operably coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna groups in each of the ICs in that column; and
the first signal is to be transmitted by each of the corresponding antenna groups and each time delay element of the corresponding M time delay elements is configured to apply the respective time delay to the first signal; or
second signals are received from each of the corresponding antenna groups and each time delay element of the corresponding M time delay elements is configured to apply the respective time delay to a combination of the second signals.
8 . A method of operation of a two-dimensional (2D) antenna array comprising a first number (M) of antenna groups that each comprises a second number (N) of antenna elements and N phase shifters, each antenna element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the phase shifters, and M time delay elements arranged in parallel to each other, each time delay element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna groups, the method comprising:
simultaneously applying, by each of the time delay elements, a respective time delay to a first signal to be transmitted by the corresponding antenna group, the first signal being an analog signal, and applying, by each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group, a respective phase shift to the time-delayed first signal and feeding the phase-shifted-and-time-delayed first signal to the corresponding antenna element; or
applying, by each of the time delay elements, the respective time delay to a second signal that is received from the corresponding antenna group and applying, by each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group, the respective phase shift to a third signal received from the corresponding antenna element, wherein the second signal is a combination of the phase-shifted third signals; and
forming multiple beams based on the phase shifts and the time delays,
wherein the time delays are configured to produce a beam spread in a first dimension of the 2D antenna array such that the multiple beams are formed in different directions.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the phase shifts are configured to produce beam steering of the multiple beams in a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
the beam spread in the first dimension in combination with the beam steering in the second dimension produces a frequency dependent beam spread in the multiple beams.
10 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into an equal number of rows along the first dimension and columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
11 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into one column along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
12 . The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into a third number (K) of rows along the first dimension and a fourth number (L) of columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
K*L=N.
13 . The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the M antenna groups and the corresponding M time delay elements are provided in a single integrated circuit (IC), and
the 2D antenna array further comprises a plurality of such ICs.
14 . The method of claim 8 , wherein:
the M antenna groups are provided in a single IC,
the 2D antenna array comprises a plurality of such ICs arranged into a fifth number (Y) of rows along the first dimension and a sixth number (X) of columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array,
the 2D antenna array comprises a total of M*X time delay elements located external to the antenna group ICs,
M of the M*X time delay elements correspond to each of the X columns,
for each column, each time delay element of the corresponding M time delay elements is operably coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna groups in each of the ICs in that column, and
the method further comprises:
applying, by each of the M time delay elements, the respective time delay to the first signal, wherein the first signal is to be transmitted by each of the corresponding antenna groups in each of the ICs; or
applying, by each of the M time delay elements, the respective time delay to a combination of second signals that are received from each of the corresponding antenna groups in each of the ICs.
15 . A non-transitory computer-readable medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause a two-dimensional (2D) antenna array comprising a first number (M) of antenna groups that each comprise a second number (N) of antenna elements and N phase shifters, each antenna element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the phase shifters, and M time delay elements arranged in parallel to each other, each time delay element operably coupled to a corresponding one of the antenna groups, to:
simultaneously apply, via each of the time delay elements, a respective time delay to a first signal to be transmitted by the corresponding antenna group, the first signal being an analog signal, and apply, via each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group, a respective phase shift to the time-delayed first signal and feed the phase-shifted-and-time-delayed first signal to the corresponding antenna element; or
apply, via each of the time delay elements, the respective time delay to a second signal that is received from the corresponding antenna group and apply, via each phase shifter in the corresponding antenna group, the respective phase shift to a third signal received from the corresponding antenna element, wherein the second signal is a combination of the phase-shifted third signals; and
form multiple beams based on the phase shifts and the time delays,
wherein the time delays are configured to produce a beam spread in a first dimension of the 2D antenna array such that the multiple beams are formed in different directions.
16 . The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein:
the phase shifts are configured to produce beam steering of the multiple beams in a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
the beam spread in the first dimension in combination with the beam steering in the second dimension produces a frequency dependent beam spread in the multiple beams.
17 . The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into an equal number of rows along the first dimension and columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
18 . The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into one column along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array.
19 . The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein:
the antenna elements of each antenna group are arranged into a third number (K) of rows along the first dimension and a fourth number (L) of columns along a second dimension of the 2D antenna array, and
K*L=N.
20 . The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15 , wherein:
the M antenna groups and the corresponding M time delay elements are provided in a single integrated circuit (IC), and
the 2D antenna array further comprises a plurality of such ICs.