Circuit breaker device and method

1 . A circuit breaker device for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, the circuit breaker device comprising:

a housing of the circuit breaker having connections to be connected to conductors of the low-voltage circuit;

a voltage sensor for ascertaining a voltage level of the low-voltage circuit and making instantaneous voltage values available, the instantaneous voltage values being phase angle-related threshold values made available for each phase angle or a phase angle range having multiple phase angles or a phase angle section being part of a phase angle;

an electronic interruption unit including semiconductor-based switching elements having a high-resistance state of said switching elements for interrupting, and a low-resistance state of said switching elements for allowing, current to flow in the low-voltage circuit; and

a control unit connected to said voltage sensor and to said electronic interruption unit;

the circuit breaker device configured to:

make instantaneous threshold values available,

compare the instantaneous voltage values with the instantaneous threshold values in terms of phase angle by comparing a threshold value for a phase angle with a voltage value for the same phase angle of the voltage,

upon the instantaneous threshold values being exceeded or undershot, or a differential voltage value being formed from the instantaneous threshold value and the instantaneous voltage value, compare the differential voltage value with a differential voltage threshold value, and

upon the threshold value being exceeded or undershot, initiate an interruption of the low-voltage circuit by said electronic interruption unit including said semiconductor-based switching elements to avoid a short-circuit current.

2 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , wherein the instantaneous threshold values are adapted based on an amplitude of the voltage of the low-voltage circuit, providing a high instantaneous threshold value in case of a high amplitude of the voltage and a low instantaneous threshold value in case of a low amplitude of the voltage.

3 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , wherein:

absolute values of the instantaneous voltage values are compared with the instantaneous threshold values in terms of phase angle;

upon the absolute value of the instantaneous threshold value being undershot, or the differential voltage value being formed from the instantaneous threshold value and the absolute value of the instantaneous voltage value, the differential voltage value being compared with the differential voltage threshold value; and

upon the threshold value being exceeded, an interruption of the low-voltage circuit being initiated.

4 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , wherein the exceeding or undershooting must be present for a first time interval to initiate an interruption of the low-voltage circuit.

5 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , which further comprises:

a grid synchronization unit, said grid synchronization unit outputting, from the supplied instantaneous voltage values:

an expected temporal value of the voltage,

a phase angle of the voltage, and

an amplitude of the voltage;

a threshold value unit receiving the expected temporal value, the phase angle and the amplitude of the voltage and ascertaining the instantaneous threshold values from the expected temporal value, the phase angle and the amplitude of the voltage; and

the instantaneous voltage values being compared with the instantaneous threshold values to ascertain an initiation of an interruption.

6 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , which further comprises:

a grid synchronization unit, said grid synchronization unit outputting, from the supplied instantaneous voltage values:

an expected temporal value of the voltage,

a phase angle of the voltage, and

an amplitude of the voltage;

a threshold value unit receiving the phase angle and the amplitude of the voltage supplied and ascertaining differential voltage threshold values or instantaneous differential voltage threshold values, from the phase angle and the amplitude of the voltage;

a differential unit receiving the instantaneous voltage values and the expected temporal value of the voltage and ascertaining a differential voltage value or a phase angle-dependent differential voltage value; and

the instantaneous differential voltage value being compared with the differential voltage threshold value or the instantaneous differential voltage threshold value, to ascertain an initiation of an interruption.

7 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , wherein the instantaneous threshold values are ascertained for each phase angle of the voltage of the low-voltage circuit.

8 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , wherein:

said control unit includes an analog first subunit and a digital second subunit;

said first subunit has a voltage comparator receiving the instantaneous voltage values from said voltage sensor and the instantaneous threshold values from said second subunit, for comparing the instantaneous voltage values with the instantaneous threshold values and initiating an interruption of the low-voltage circuit upon the threshold values being exceeded or undershot; and

said second subunit also receives the instantaneous voltage values for ascertaining the instantaneous threshold values.

9 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 8 , wherein the instantaneous threshold values are ascertained for each phase angle of the voltage of the low-voltage circuit by said digital second subunit digitally ascertaining the instantaneous threshold values at a clock frequency of between 10 kHz and 10 MHz.

10 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 9 , wherein the clock frequency is between 10 KHz and 1 MHz.

11 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 9 , wherein the clock frequency is between 10 KHz and 100 KHz.

12 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 9 , wherein the clock frequency is above 18 KHz.

13 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 1 , which further comprises:

a mechanical isolating contact system connected in series with said electronic interruption unit on a circuit side for providing galvanic isolation in the low-voltage circuit;

said mechanical isolating contact system being connected to said control unit.

14 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 13 , wherein an electrical interruption by said mechanical isolating contact system is initiated, in addition to an interruption by said electronic interruption unit.

15 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 13 , which further comprises a current sensor for ascertaining a current level of the low-voltage circuit.

16 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 15 , wherein galvanic isolation is initiated by said mechanical isolating contact system in case of a high-resistance of said electronic interruption unit and a current in the low-voltage circuit exceeding a first current threshold value.

17 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 16 , wherein the ascertained current level is compared with a second current threshold value and an interruption of the low-voltage circuit by said mechanical isolating contact system is initiated upon exceeding the threshold value.

18 . The circuit breaker device according to claim 15 , wherein said mechanical isolating contact system initiates an interruption of the low-voltage circuit upon initiating an interruption of the low-voltage circuit by said electronic interruption unit and a current flow in the low-voltage circuit exceeding a third current threshold value and persisting for a second time interval.

19 . A method for protecting an electrical low-voltage circuit, the method comprising:

ascertaining a voltage level of the low-voltage circuit and making instantaneous voltage values available, the instantaneous voltage values being phase angle-related threshold values made available for each phase angle or a phase angle range having multiple phase angles or a phase angle section being part of a phase angle;

making instantaneous threshold values available;

comparing the instantaneous voltage values with the instantaneous threshold values in terms of phase angle by comparing a threshold value for a phase angle with a voltage value for the same phase angle of the voltage;

upon exceeding or undershooting the instantaneous threshold values, or forming a differential voltage value from the instantaneous threshold value and the instantaneous voltage value, comparing the differential voltage value with a differential voltage threshold value; and

upon exceeding or undershooting the threshold value, initiating an interruption of the low-voltage circuit by using an electronic interruption unit including semiconductor-based switching elements to avoid a short-circuit current.