2-level buck-boost DC-to-DC converters with virtual grounds
A conversion circuit is disclosed and includes a DC link, a first DC-to-DC converter, an inverter and a second inverter. The DC link includes DC link rails. The first DC-to-DC converter includes a first phase leg and a second phase leg. The first reactor is connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg and at least one energy storage module. The second reactor is connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg and the at least one energy storage module. The first reactor, the at least one energy storage module and the second reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal and the second center terminal such that the first DC-to-DC converter has a virtual ground.
1 . A conversion circuit comprising:
a direct current (DC) link including a plurality of DC link rails;
a first DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg and a second phase leg;
a first reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg and at least one energy storage module; and
a second reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg and the at least one energy storage module,
wherein the first reactor, the at least one energy storage module and the second reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal and the second center terminal such that the first DC-to-DC converter has a virtual ground.
2 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the at least one energy storage module is connected between the first reactor and the second reactor; and
the virtual ground is centered between the first reactor and the second reactor.
3 . The conversion circuit of claim 2 , wherein:
the at least one energy storage module comprises a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module; and
the virtual ground is centered between the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module.
4 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the virtual ground is at a voltage potential between voltage potentials of the plurality of DC link rails; and
the DC link rails are not connected to a ground reference terminal.
5 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein the virtual ground is not at a voltage potential of a chassis ground.
6 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein the virtual ground refers to a voltage potential between at least one of (i) voltage potentials of the plurality of DC link rails, or (ii) positive and negative voltage potentials of the at least one energy storage module.
7 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein:
the first reactor is connected between the first center terminal of the first phase leg and a group of energy storage modules, the group of energy storage modules comprising the at least one energy storage module;
the second reactor is connected between the second center terminal of the second phase leg and the group of energy storage modules; and
the first reactor, the group of energy storage modules and the second reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal and the second center terminal.
8 . The conversion circuit of claim 7 , wherein:
the group of energy storage modules comprises a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module connected in series;
the virtual ground is at a voltage potential equal to a voltage potential of a connection point between the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module; and
the connection point is not connected to a reference ground terminal.
9 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first phase leg comprises a first set of serially connected switch-diode pairs and the second phase leg comprises a second set of serially connected switch-diode pairs.
10 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first DC-to-DC converter is implemented as a 2-level buck-boost DC-to-DC converter.
11 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a third center terminal of a third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module;
a fourth reactor connected between a center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module; and
a control module configured to control (i) interleaved operation of switches of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter, and (ii) interleaved operation of switches of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter.
12 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg and a second phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module;
a fourth reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module; and
a control module configured to control (i) interleaved operation of switches of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter, and (ii) interleaved operation of switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and switches of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter.
13 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg and a second phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and one or more additional energy storage modules; and
a fourth reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the one or more additional energy storage modules,
wherein the third reactor, the one or more additional energy storage modules and the fourth reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter such that the second DC-to-DC converter has another virtual ground.
14 . The conversion circuit of claim 13 , further comprising a control module configured to control switches of the first phase leg and the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and control switches of the first phase leg and the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter for staggered operation of the at least one energy storage module and the one or more additional energy storage modules.
15 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a phase leg,
wherein the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a third phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a third center terminal of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and one or more additional energy storage modules; and
a fourth reactor connected between a center terminal of the phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the one or more additional energy storage modules,
wherein the third reactor, the one or more additional energy storage modules and the fourth reactor are connected in series between the third center terminal of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the center terminal of the phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter to provide another virtual ground.
16 . The conversion circuit of claim 15 , further comprising a control module configured to control switches of the first phase leg, the second phase leg and the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and control switches of the phase leg and the second DC-to-DC converter for staggered operation of the at least one energy storage module and the one or more additional energy storage modules.
17 . The conversion circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg;
a third DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and one or more additional energy storage modules; and
a fourth reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter and the one or more additional energy storage modules,
wherein the third reactor, the one or more additional energy storage modules and the fourth reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter to provide another virtual ground.
18 . The conversion circuit of claim 17 , further comprising a control module configured to control switches of the first phase leg and the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter, control switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter, and control switches of the first phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter for staggered operation of the at least one energy storage module and the one or more additional energy storage modules.
19 . The conversion circuit of claim 17 , further comprising a fifth reactor, wherein:
the second DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg; and
the fifth reactor is connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
20 . The conversion circuit of claim 19 , further comprising a sixth reactor, wherein:
the second DC-to-DC converter comprises a third phase leg; and
the sixth reactor is connected between a third center terminal of the third phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
21 . The conversion circuit of claim 19 , further comprising a sixth reactor, wherein:
the third DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg; and
the sixth reactor is connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
22 . A conversion circuit comprising:
a direct current (DC) link including a plurality of DC link rails;
a first DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg;
a second DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg;
a first reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and at least one energy storage module; and
a second reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module,
wherein the first reactor, the at least one energy storage module and the second reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter such that the conversion circuit has a virtual ground.
23 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , further comprising a third reactor, wherein:
the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg; and
the third reactor is connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
24 . The conversion circuit of claim 23 , further comprising a fourth reactor, wherein:
the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a third phase leg; and
the fourth reactor is connected between a third center terminal of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
25 . The conversion circuit of claim 23 , further comprising a fourth reactor, wherein:
the second DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg; and
the fourth reactor is connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module.
26 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , further comprising:
a third DC-to-DC converter comprising a first phase leg and a second phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a first center terminal of the first phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter and one or more additional energy storage modules; and
a fourth reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter and the one or more additional energy storage modules,
wherein the third reactor, the one or more additional energy storage modules and the fourth reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter and the second center terminal of the second phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter such that the third DC-to-DC converter has another virtual ground.
27 . The conversion circuit of claim 26 , further comprising a control module configured to control switches of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter, control switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter, and control switches of the first phase leg and the second phase leg of the third DC-to-DC converter for staggered operation of the at least one energy storage module and the one or more additional energy storage modules.
28 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein:
the virtual ground is at a voltage potential between voltage potentials of the plurality of DC link rails; and
the DC link rails are not connected to a ground reference terminal.
29 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein the virtual ground is not at a voltage potential of a chassis ground.
30 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein the virtual ground refers to a voltage potential between at least one of (i) voltage potentials of the plurality of DC link rails, or (ii) positive and negative voltage potentials of the at least one energy storage module.
31 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein:
the first reactor is connected between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and a group of energy storage modules, the group of energy storage modules comprising the at least one energy storage module;
the second reactor is connected between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the group of energy storage modules; and
the first reactor, the group of energy storage modules and the second reactor are connected in series between the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the first center terminal of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter.
32 . The conversion circuit of claim 31 , wherein:
the group of energy storage modules comprises a first energy storage module and a second energy storage module connected in series;
the virtual ground is at a voltage potential equal to a voltage potential of a connection point between the first energy storage module and the second energy storage module; and
the connection point is not connected to a reference ground terminal.
33 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein:
the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a first set of serially connected switch-diode pairs; and
the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter comprises a second set of serially connected switch-diode pairs.
34 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , wherein each of the first DC-to-DC converter and the second DC-to-DC converter is implemented as a 2-level buck-boost DC-to-DC converter.
35 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , further comprising a control module, a third reactor and a fourth reactor, wherein:
the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg;
the second DC-to-DC converter comprising a second phase leg;
the third reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module;
the fourth reactor connected between the second center terminal of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module; and
the control module configured to control (i) interleaved operation of switches of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter, and (ii) interleaved operation of switches of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the second phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter.
36 . The conversion circuit of claim 22 , further comprising:
the first DC-to-DC converter comprises a second phase leg and a third phase leg;
a third reactor connected between a second center terminal of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module;
a fourth reactor connected between a third center terminal of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and the at least one energy storage module; and
a control module configured to control (i) interleaved operation of switches of the first phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the third phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter, and (ii) interleaved operation of switches of the second phase leg of the first DC-to-DC converter and switches of the first phase leg of the second DC-to-DC converter.