Electric power conversion apparatus and electric power conversion system
An electric power conversion apparatus includes a first electric power terminal, a switcher, a transformer, a rectifier with a switching circuit including first and second switching devices, a smoother, a second electric power terminal, a controller, and a driver driving the switching circuit. The switching circuit includes a first device that is provided on a path coupling a first terminal and a control terminal of the first switching device to each other, and that is configured to clamp a voltage. The driver is configured to output a first control signal and a second control signal from a first output terminal and a second output terminal, respectively. The controller is configured to control operation to cause electric power to be supplied from the second electric power terminal toward the first electric power terminal, and set an output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to a high impedance state.
1 . An electric power conversion apparatus comprising:
a first electric power terminal;
a switcher coupled to the first electric power terminal and including one or more switching devices;
a transformer including a first winding and a second winding, the first winding being coupled to the switcher;
a rectifier coupled to the second winding and including a switching circuit that includes a first switching device and a second switching device, the first switching device being operable based on a first control signal, the second switching device being operable based on a second control signal;
a smoother coupled to the rectifier and including an inductor;
a second electric power terminal coupled to the smoother;
a controller configured to control operations of the switcher and the rectifier; and
a driver configured to drive the switching circuit, based on an instruction from the controller, wherein
the first switching device and the second switching device each include a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal,
the switching circuit further includes a first device provided on a first path and configured to clamp a voltage, the first path coupling the first terminal of the first switching device and the control terminal of the first switching device to each other,
the driver includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal, and is configured to, based on a signal supplied from the controller, output the first control signal from the first output terminal and output the second control signal from the second output terminal, and
the controller is configured to, in a predetermined period that is different from a period in which electric power is supplied from the first electric power terminal toward the second electric power terminal, control the operations of the switcher and the rectifier to cause electric power to be supplied from the second electric power terminal toward the first electric power terminal, and set an output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to a high impedance state.
2 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the switching circuit further includes a second device provided on the first path and configured to block a current to flow through the first path in a direction from the control terminal to the first terminal.
3 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the first terminal of the first switching device and the first terminal of the second switching device are coupled to each other, and
the second terminal of the first switching device and the second terminal of the second switching device are coupled to each other.
4 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the second winding includes two windings,
the first terminal of the first switching device and the first terminal of the second switching device are coupled to each other,
the second terminal of the first switching device is coupled to one of the two windings, and
the second terminal of the second switching device is coupled to another of the two windings.
5 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the second winding includes two windings,
the first terminal of the first switching device is coupled to one of the two windings,
the first terminal of the second switching device is coupled to another of the two windings, and
the second terminal of the first switching device and the second terminal of the second switching device are coupled to each other.
6 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the driver includes:
a driving circuit configured to output the first control signal from the first output terminal; and
a switch configured to switch on and off supply of power to the driving circuit, and
the controller is configured to set the output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state by turning off the switch.
7 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the driver includes:
a driving circuit configured to output the second control signal from the second output terminal; and
a switch provided on a path coupling an output terminal of the driving circuit and the first output terminal to each other, and
the controller is configured to set the output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state by turning off the switch.
8 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the driver includes a driving circuit configured to output the first control signal from the first output terminal,
the driving circuit includes:
a first driving switching device provided on a path coupling a first power supply node and an output terminal of the driving circuit to each other; and
a second driving switching device provided on a path coupling a second power supply node and the output terminal of the driving circuit to each other, and
the controller is configured to set the output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state by performing control to turn off both the first driving switching device and the second driving switching device.
9 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the switching circuit further includes a third device provided on a second path and configured to clamp a voltage, the second path coupling the first terminal of the second switching device and the control terminal of the second switching device to each other,
the controller is configured to set the output impedance of each of the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state in the predetermined period, and
the driver is configured to:
output a pulse signal as the first control signal and set the output impedance of the second output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state in a first period; and
output a pulse signal as the second control signal and set the output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to the high impedance state in a second period.
10 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the switching circuit further includes a resistor provided on the first path.
11 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the switching circuit further includes a first capacitor having one end coupled to the first terminal of the first switching device and another end coupled to the control terminal of the first switching device.
12 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first device comprises a Zener diode.
13 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the second device comprises a diode including an anode led to the first terminal and a cathode led to the control terminal.
14 . The electric power conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first electric power terminal is to be coupled to a second capacitor.
15 . An electric power conversion system comprising:
a first battery including a first terminal and a second terminal;
a second capacitor including a first terminal and a second terminal;
a first switch provided on a path coupling the first terminal of the first battery and the first terminal of the second capacitor to each other;
a second switch provided on a path coupling the second terminal of the first battery and the second terminal of the second capacitor to each other;
an electric power conversion apparatus; and
a second battery, wherein
the electric power conversion apparatus includes
a first electric power terminal including a first coupling terminal and a second coupling terminal, the first coupling terminal being coupled to the first terminal of the second capacitor, the second coupling terminal being coupled to the second terminal of the second capacitor,
a switcher coupled to the first electric power terminal and including one or more switching devices,
a transformer including a first winding and a second winding, the first winding being coupled to the switcher,
a rectifier coupled to the second winding and including a switching circuit that includes a first switching device and a second switching device, the first switching device being operable based on a first control signal, the second switching device being operable based on a second control signal;
a smoother coupled to the rectifier and including an inductor;
a second electric power terminal coupled to the smoother and to the second battery;
a controller configured to control operations of the switcher and the rectifier; and
a driver configured to drive the switching circuit, based on an instruction from the controller, wherein
the first switching device and the second switching device each include a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal,
the switching circuit further includes a first device provided on a first path and configured to clamp a voltage, the first path coupling the first terminal of the first switching device and the control terminal of the first switching device to each other,
the driver includes a first output terminal and a second output terminal, and is configured to, based on a signal supplied from the controller, output the first control signal from the first output terminal and output the second control signal from the second output terminal, and
the controller is configured to, in a predetermined period that is different from a period in which electric power is supplied from the first electric power terminal toward the second electric power terminal, control the operations of the switcher and the rectifier to cause electric power to be supplied from the second electric power terminal toward the first electric power terminal, and set an output impedance of the first output terminal of the driver to a high impedance state.