Rod connector system and methods of use

1 . A rod connector comprising:

a one-piece body, the one-piece body defining a first shaft portion configured to engage a first rod, a second shaft portion configured to engage a second rod, and a circumferential ridge projecting radially from the body between the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion, the circumferential ridge directly engaging the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion and being entirely solid,

wherein the first shaft portion includes a first outer surface, the second shaft portion includes a second outer surface, and voids are formed in the first outer surface and the second outer surface, wherein respective bottoms of the voids are recessed from the first outer surface or the second outer surface, wherein a ratio between an area of the voids and an area of the first and second outer surfaces is from about 0.6 to about 5.

2 . The rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the one-piece body has a solid core.

3 . The rod connector of claim 1 , wherein the voids are grooves extending longitudinally between adjacent longitudinally extending ribs carrying the first outer surface and the second outer surface.

4 . The rod connector of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a length of the first shaft portion to a maximum diameter of the first shaft portion is about 1.25 or more.

5 . A rod connector comprising:

a one-piece body, the one-piece body defining a first shaft portion configured to engage a first rod, a second shaft portion configured to engage a second rod, and a circumferential ridge projecting radially from the body between the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion, the circumferential ridge directly engaging the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion and being entirely solid,

wherein the first shaft portion includes a first outer surface, the second shaft portion includes a second outer surface, and voids are formed in the first outer surface and the second outer surface,

wherein respective bottoms of the voids are recessed from the first outer surface or the second outer surface, wherein the voids define radially positioned groupings of distinct pockets in series along an axis of the one-piece body.

6 . A rod connector comprising:

a one-piece body, the one-piece body defining a first shaft portion configured to engage a first rod, a second shaft portion configured to engage a second rod, and a circumferential ridge projecting radially from the body between the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion, the circumferential ridge directly engaging the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion and being entirely solid,

wherein the first shaft portion includes a first outer surface, the second shaft portion includes a second outer surface, and voids are formed in the first outer surface and the second outer surface, wherein respective bottoms of the voids are recessed from the first outer surface or the second outer surface,

the rod connector further comprising at least one tab extending axially from the circumferential ridge, an outer surface thereof defining a substantially continuous surface with the circumferential ridge.

7 . The rod connector of claim 6 , wherein a first tab of the at least one tab extends along a first outer surface of the first shaft portion and a second tab of the at least one tab extends along a second outer surface of the second shaft portion.

8 . The rod connector of claim 7 , wherein the first tab extends along a first longitudinal ridge of the first shaft portion and the second tab extends along a second longitudinal ridge of the second shaft portion.

9 . The rod connector of claim 7 , wherein the outer surface of the first tab and the second tab each have a longitudinal curvature.

10 . A rod connector comprising:

a one-piece body, the one-piece body defining a first shaft portion configured to engage a first rod, a second shaft portion configured to engage a second rod, and a circumferential ridge projecting radially from the body between the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion, the circumferential ridge directly engaging the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion and being entirely solid,

wherein the first shaft portion includes a first outer surface, the second shaft portion includes a second outer surface, and voids are formed in the first outer surface and the second outer surface, wherein respective bottoms of the voids are recessed from the first outer surface or the second outer surface,

wherein the first shaft portion includes first longitudinal ridges projecting radially from the body and extending between the circumferential ridge and a first end of the rod connector and the second shaft portion includes second longitudinal ridges projecting radially from the body extending from between the circumferential ridge and a second end of the rod connector; and

the first longitudinal ridges each include a first segment adjacent the circumferential ridge and a second segment angled relative to the first segment and between the first segment and the first end that is tapered.

11 . A rod system, comprising:

a first hollow rod;

a second hollow rod; and

a rod connector, the rod connector comprising a one-piece body defining a first shaft portion for engaging the first rod, a second shaft portion for engaging the second rod, and a circumferential ridge projecting radially from the body between the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion,

wherein the first rod and the second rod have a first outer diameter substantially the same as a second outer diameter of the circumferential ridge such that when the first rod and the second rod engage the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion, respectively, until the first rod and the second rod are adjacent the circumferential ridge, a substantially smooth transition is provided between the first rod, the circumferential ridge, and the second rod,

wherein the first shaft portion includes a first outer surface and the second shaft portion includes a second outer surface, the first and second outer surfaces sized to engage the first and second rod, respectively, in a friction fit connection, the first outer surface and the second outer surface including voids, wherein respective bottoms of the voids are recessed from the first outer surface or the second outer surface,

wherein a ratio between an area of the voids and an area of the first and second outer surfaces is from about 0.6 to about 5.0.

12 . The rod system of claim 11 , wherein the one-piece body has a solid core.

13 . The rod system of claim 11 , wherein a first tab and a second tab extend axially from opposing sides of the circumferential ridge and outer surfaces of the first tab and the second tab define a substantially continuous surface with the circumferential ridge.

14 . The rod system of claim 13 , wherein the first rod includes a first slot sized to receive the first tab when the first shaft portion engages the first rod and the second rod includes a second slot sized to receive the second tab when the second shaft portion engages the second rod.

15 . The rod system of claim 14 , wherein the first and second rods are curved rods and the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion have a curvature corresponding to the first and second rods, and wherein the first tab, the second tab, the first slot, and the second slot are positioned so that the curvatures of the first shaft portion and the second shaft portion align with a corresponding curvature of the first and second rods.

16 . The rod system of claim 11 , wherein the first and second rods are curved rods and the rod connector is curved to correspond to a curvature of the first and second rods.