Ferroelectric biochip

1 . A biochip comprising at least one coupling arrangement configured for electrical stimulation of biological material or electrical measurement of the biological material, the biochip comprising:

a support structure arranged at and/or in the coupling arrangement; and

a layer, a layer surface of which is arranged at the coupling arrangement, and an opposite layer surface of which forms a coupling surface for electrical stimulation of the biological material and/or for electrical measurement on the biological material;

wherein the layer has ferroelectric properties;

wherein the biochip is configured for simultaneous measurement as well as stimulation and to this end comprises a plurality of mutually separated coupling surfaces with different associated coupling arrangements;

wherein the biochip comprises at least a first coupling surface with an associated first coupling arrangement which is configured for an electrical measurement on the biological material and comprises a field-effect transistor and/or electrical conductors for a connection to a field-effect transistor and

at least one further, second coupling area with an associated second coupling arrangement, which comprises an electrically conductive electrode layer adjacent to the layer and is configured for electrical stimulation of the biological material.

2 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the layer comprises hafnium oxide with ferroelectric properties.

3 . The biochip according to claim 2 , wherein the hafnium oxide with ferroelectric properties is doped with silicon or zirconium.

4 . The biochip according to claim 3 , wherein the zirconium-doped hafnium oxide with ferroelectric properties has the composition Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 .

5 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the layer comprises zirconium oxide or aluminum scandium nitride having ferroelectric properties.

6 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the layer is greater than 200 nm.

7 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the support structure comprises a substrate of a semiconductor material.

8 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of: the biochip has memristive properties and the layer is adapted such that a ferroelectric tunnel contact is formed.

9 . An implant comprising a biochip comprising at least one coupling arrangement for electrical stimulation of biological material or for electrical measurement on the biological material, wherein the biochip is a biochip according to claim 1 .

10 . The implant according to claim 9 , wherein the implant is a retinal implant, a cochlear implant, an implant for deep brain stimulation and/or an implant for providing a brain-machine interface.

11 . The implant according to claim 9 , wherein the implant comprises a semiconductor chip separate from the biochip, wherein a terminal of the semiconductor chip is electrically connected via a conductor track to an electrode layer adjacent to the layer surface and the conductor track and the biochip are arranged on a common substrate.

12 . An in vitro assembly comprising at least one biochip and an electrolyte receptacle for receiving an electrolyte comprising biological material, wherein the electrolyte receptacle is adapted to dispose the electrolyte on at least one coupling surface of the biochip for electrical stimulation of the biological material and/or electrical measurement of the biological material, wherein the at least one biochip is a biochip according to claim 1 .

13 . The in vitro assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the assembly comprises at least one biological neuron and at least one artificial neuron.

14 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the first coupling arrangement comprises the field-effect transistor and the layer forms a part of the field-effect transistor.

15 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the first coupling arrangement also comprises an electrically conductive electrode layer adjacent to the layer, which is electrically connected to the field-effect transistor or to an electrical conductor for connection to the field-effect transistor.

16 . The biochip according to claim 1 , wherein the biochip provides a connection for connecting a voltage source to the electrode layer of the second coupling arrangement.

17 . The in vitro assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the in vitro assembly comprises a voltage source connected to the electrode layer of the second coupling assembly.

18 . In vitro assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the implant comprises a semiconductor chip separate from the biochip, wherein said semiconductor chip comprises the field-effect transistor, and

wherein a terminal of the semiconductor chip is electrically connected via a conductor track to an electrode layer adjacent to the layer surface, and

the conductor track and the biochip are arranged on a common substrate.

19 . The in vitro assembly according to claim 12 , wherein the in vitro assembly further comprises a counter electrode with which the biological material and/or the electrolyte can be contacted.