Multi-layer self-healing apparatuses and methods
In certain examples, methods and devices, such as a soft electronics device, involve or include a first layer and a second layer from among the plurality of immiscible polymer layers, with the first and second layers integrated with one another to form a multilayered self-healing laminate, characterized in that polymer material in the first layer and polymer material in the second layer are cooperatively capable of autonomously recovering from at least one of the first layer and second layer being misaligned.
1 . An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of immiscible polymer layers including immiscible polymer layers being characterized by having respectively different immiscible backbones; and
a first layer and a second layer, each from among the plurality of immiscible polymer layers, the first layer and the second layer integrated with one another to form a self-healing laminate characterized in that polymer material in the first layer and polymer material in the second layer are cooperatively capable of autonomously recovering from at least one of the first layer and second layer being misaligned by the respectively different immiscible backbones providing interfacial tension-mediated realignment in response to certain of the immiscible polymer layers becoming misaligned.
2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein certain of the immiscible polymer layers, integrated with or forming at least part of the first layer and the second layer, are characterized by having a common bond that enhances interlayer adhesion.
3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of immiscible polymer layers includes at least one additional immiscible polymer layer, integrated adjacent one of the first layer and the second layer, as part of the self-healing laminate.
4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein certain of the immiscible polymer layers, integrated with or forming at least part of the first layer and the second layer, are characterized by having respectively different immiscible backbones.
5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the second layer are immediately-adjacent layers characterized by polymers having said respectively different immiscible backbones, and the self-healing laminate is configured as a portion of electronic skin or as a cover for human skin or tissue.
6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein certain of the immiscible polymer layers include or correspond to the first layer and the second layer.
7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each of the certain of the immiscible polymer layers, including the first layer and the second layer, are formed from polymer blends that manifest autonomous recovery, in response to at least one of: being damaged, and being misaligned.
8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the second layer are immediately-adjacent layers among the plurality of immiscible polymer layers, wherein the first layer and the second layer, collectively, manifest structural integrity in a first non-damaged state, and in response to being damaged, manifest a recovery state followed by a recovered state, wherein in the recovered state the first layer and the second layer maintain the structural integrity.
9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the structural integrity corresponds to a certain function or functions while the first layer and the second layer are aligned and are used in the first non-damaged state, wherein in the recovered state, the first and second layer are aligned and are to cooperate to maintain the certain function or functions, and wherein the first and second layers respectively include at least one other material from among: a carbon nanotube, a nanowire, and another polymer nanostructure.
10 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the second layer are immediately-adjacent layers among the plurality of immiscible polymer layers, wherein the first layer and the second layer, collectively, manifest structural integrity corresponding to a certain function while being used in a first non-damaged state in which the first and second layer are aligned and not damaged, and manifest a recovered state in which the first layer and the second layer manifest the structural integrity and the certain function while the first layer and the second layer are aligned and are being used as in the first non-damaged state.
11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , further including an electronics appliance including the plurality of immiscible polymer layers, wherein the plurality of immiscible polymer layers enable the appliance to manifest a degree of softness, and wherein certain of the immiscible polymer layers, integrated with or forming at least part of the first layer and the second layer, are characterized by having a common backbone and at least one of: different dynamic bonds, and different arrangements of dynamic bonds.
12 . The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the electronic appliance is at least part of one or more of the following types of appliances: soft robotics equipment, one or more surgical modeling films and coatings, an implantable flexible electronics device, and a wearable flexible electronics device.
13 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of immiscible polymer layers are configured as at least a part of a thin film capacitor having conductive and insulating composite layers.
14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer includes an immiscible backbone polymer that is amorphous with certain glass transition temperatures and that mitigates or prevents nanoscale aggregation.
15 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein certain of the immiscible polymer layers, integrated with or forming at least part of the first layer and the second layer, are characterized by having a common backbone and at least one of: different dynamic bonds, and different arrangements of dynamic bonds.
16 . An apparatus comprising:
a plurality of immiscible polymer layers, among which are a first layer and a second layer integrated with one another to form a self-healing laminate characterized in that polymer material in the first layer and polymer material in the second layer are cooperatively capable of recovering from at least one of the first layer and second layer being misaligned by autonomously recovering from being misaligned and from at least one of the first layer and second layer being damaged, wherein the self-healing laminate is configured to act as a portion of electronic skin or as a cover for human skin or tissue.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of immiscible polymer layers are part of a multi-layer patch configured with attributes of having sufficient interfacial adhesive energy and of having an ability for being dis-assembled, and in response to being dis-assembled, self-heal.
18 . A method comprising:
providing a plurality of immiscible polymer layers including a first layer and a second layer integrated with one another to form a self-healing laminate; and
using the self-healing laminate in an environment that subjects at least one of the first layer and second layer to being misaligned and continuing to use the self-healing laminate in response to the self-healing laminate autonomously recovering from being misaligned, wherein the self-healing laminate is to act as a portion of electronic skin or as a cover for human skin or tissue.
19 . A method comprising:
providing a plurality of immiscible polymer layers including a first layer and a second layer integrated with one another to form a self-healing laminate; and
using the self-healing laminate in an environment that subjects at least one of the first layer and second layer to being misaligned and continuing to use the self-healing laminate in response to the self-healing laminate autonomously recovering from being misaligned, wherein the self-healing laminate autonomously recovering from being misaligned occurs in a state of manufacture of the plurality of immiscible polymer layers.
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the environment subjects at least one of the first layer and second layer to being damaged, and continuing to use the self-healing laminate includes use of the self-healing laminate after the self-healing laminate autonomously recovers from being damaged.
21 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the first layer and the second layer, are characterized by having respectively different immiscible backbones.