Heat transfer mixture

1 . A method comprising:

providing a nanofluid as represented by the formula

1

=

Vg

/

Vnf

+

Vw

/

Vnf

+

Vpw

/

Vnf

+

Vsf

/

Vnf

+

Vbs

/

Vnf

+

Vac

/

Vnf

+

Vci

/

Vnf

,

wherein Vnf is a volume of the nanofluid,

wherein Vg is a volume of glycol,

wherein Vw is a volume of water,

wherein Vpw is a volume of a nanopowder, wherein 10%<Vpw/Vnf<20%,

wherein Vsf is a volume of a surfactant, wherein Vsf/Vnf is 1% to 3%,

wherein Vbs is a volume of a base additive, 0.1%<Vbs/Vnf<1.3%,

wherein Vac is a volume of an acid additive,

wherein Vci is a volume of a corrosive inhibitor,

wherein the nanopowder consists of aluminum oxide,

wherein the surfactant is a sodium salt solution of polyamino-polyether-methylene-phosphonic acid, and

wherein the nanopowder has a particle size between 200 nanometers and 500 nanometers; and

installing the nanofluid in a heat transfer system to lower an approach temperature of the heat transfer system.

2 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer system includes a heat exchanger and installing the nanofluid in the heat transfer system reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of a fluid of the nanofluid at the heat exchanger.

3 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein:

the heat transfer system is a cooling, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system; and

the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of a heat exchanger of the HVAC system.

4 . The method recited in claim 3 , wherein the heat transfer system includes a heat exchanger and the nanofluid increases a thermal capacity of a fluid of the nanofluid and reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of the fluid at the heat exchanger.

5 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of a heat exchanger of the heat transfer system.

6 . The method recited in claim 5 , wherein the heat transfer system includes a heat exchanger and the nanofluid increases a thermal capacity of a fluid of the nanofluid and reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of the fluid at the heat exchanger.

7 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of a boiler of the heat transfer system.

8 . The method recited in claim 7 , wherein the nanofluid increases a thermal capacity of a fluid of the nanofluid and reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of the fluid at the boiler.

9 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of an energy recovery unit of the heat transfer system.

10 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid increases a thermal capacity of the nanofluid and reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of a fluid of the nanofluid.

11 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vpw/Vnf is 15%.

12 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein 34%<Vw/Vnf<50%.

13 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vw/Vnf is 42%.

14 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein 34%<Vg/Vnf<50%.

15 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vg/Vnf is 42%.

16 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vbs/Vnf is 0.7%.

17 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid has a pH of about 8.5-12.0.

18 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein the nanofluid has a pH of about 10.5.

19 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vsf/Vnf is 1%.

20 . The method recited in claim 1 , wherein Vsf/Vnf is 3%.

21 . A method comprising:

providing a nanofluid as represented by the formula:

1

=

Vg

/

Vnf

+

Vw

/

Vnf

+

Vpw

/

Vnf

+

Vsf

/

Vnf

+

Vbs

/

Vnf

+

Vac

/

Vnf

+

Vci

/

Vnf

,

wherein Vnf is a volume of the nanofluid,

wherein Vg is a volume of glycol, wherein 34%<Vg/Vnf<50%,

wherein Vw is a volume of water, wherein 34%<Vw/Vnf<50%,

wherein Vpw is a volume of a nanopowder, wherein 10%<Vpw/Vnf<20%,

wherein Vsf is a volume of a surfactant, wherein 0.35%<Vsf/Vnf<0.55%,

wherein Vbs is a volume of a base additive, wherein 0.1%<Vbs/Vnf<1.3%,

wherein Vac is a volume of an acid additive,

wherein Vci is a volume of a corrosive inhibitor,

wherein the nanopowder consists of aluminum oxide,

wherein the surfactant is a sodium salt solution of polyamino-polyether-methylene-phosphonic acid, and

wherein the nanopowder has a particle size between 200 nanometers and 500 nanometers; and

installing the nanofluid in a heat transfer system to lower an approach temperature of the heat transfer system.

22 . The method recited in claim 21 , wherein:

the heat transfer system is a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system; and

the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of a heat exchanger of the HVAC system.

23 . A method comprising:

providing a nanofluid as represented by the formula:

1

=

Vg

/

Vnf

+

Vw

/

Vnf

+

Vpw

/

Vnf

+

Vsf

/

Vnf

+

Vbs

/

Vnf

+

Vac

/

Vnf

+

Vci

/

Vnf

,

wherein Vnf is a volume of the nanofluid,

wherein Vg is a volume of glycol, wherein Vg/Vnf is 42%,

wherein Vw is a volume of water, wherein Vw/Vnf is 42%,

wherein Vpw is a volume of a nanopowder, wherein Vpw/Vnf is 15%,

wherein Vsf is a volume of a surfactant, wherein Vsf/Vnf is 0.44%,

wherein Vbs is a volume of a base additive,

wherein Vac is a volume of an acid additive,

wherein Vci is a volume of a corrosive inhibitor,

wherein the nanopowder consists of aluminum oxide,

wherein the surfactant is a sodium salt solution of polyamino-polyether-methylene-phosphonic acid, and

wherein the nanopowder has a particle size between 200 nanometers and 500 nanometers; and

installing the nanofluid in a heat transfer system to lower an approach temperature of the heat transfer system.

24 . The method recited in claim 23 , wherein:

the heat transfer system is a cooling, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system; and

the nanofluid lowers the approach temperature of a heat exchanger of the HVAC system.

25 . The method recited in claim 24 , wherein the nanofluid increases a thermal capacity of a fluid of the nanofluid and reduces an inlet-outlet temperature difference of the fluid at the heat exchanger.