Apparatus and method for monitoring vehicle battery

1 . An apparatus for monitoring a battery of a vehicle, which includes one or more sensors and a processor, the apparatus comprising:

wherein the one or more sensors are configured to:

obtain a first voltage during a stabilization time of the battery;

obtain a minimum voltage measured from a time point when the stabilization time ends to a time point when parking of the vehicle ends as a second voltage of the battery; and

detect a temperature of the battery from a time point when the first voltage is obtained to a time point when the second voltage is obtained,

wherein the processor operatively connected to the one or more sensors is configured to:

determine a first discharge amount based on the first voltage and the second voltage;

determine a second discharge amount consumed in balancing the battery and operating the one or more sensors;

determine a first self-discharge amount and a second self-discharge amount based on the first discharge amount, the second discharge amount, and the temperature; and

determine whether a short circuit has occurred in the battery based on the first self-discharge amount and the second self-discharge amount,

wherein the processor is configured to determine a short circuit strength based on a short circuit resistance value, when the second self-discharge amount is greater than the first self-discharge amount.

2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors is further configured to obtain, as the first voltage, a maximum voltage among voltages obtained during the stabilization time of the battery after driving of the vehicle is finished.

3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors is further configured to obtain, as the first voltage, a minimum voltage among voltages obtained during the stabilization time of the battery after charging of the vehicle is finished.

4 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine the first discharge amount based on the first voltage and the second voltage in response that a time required from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained exceeds a threshold time.

5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine an amount of change in a state of charge (SOC) value of the battery with respect to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage based on a pre-stored lookup table and determine the first discharge amount.

6 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine a difference between the first discharge amount and the second discharge amount as a self-discharge amount.

7 . The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to set, as the first self-discharge amount, the self-discharge amount in response that a minimum temperature of temperatures of the battery from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained is equal to or greater than a first predetermined temperature.

8 . The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the processor is further configured to set, as the second self-discharge amount, the self-discharge amount in response that a maximum temperature of the temperatures of the battery from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained is equal to or lower than a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature.

9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the processor is further configured to output a message informing that a preliminary diagnosis of the battery is required in response that a case where a ratio of the second self-discharge amount to the first self-discharge amount is greater than a short circuit non-occurrence threshold and is less than a short circuit occurrence threshold has occurred continuously and repeatedly a predetermined number of times.

10 . The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to output a message informing that an emergency diagnosis of the battery is required in response that the ratio of the second self-discharge amount to the first self-discharge amount is greater than the short-circuit occurrence threshold.

11 . A method of monitoring a battery of a vehicle, the method comprising:

obtaining, by at least one or more sensors, a first voltage during a stabilization time of the battery;

obtaining, by the at least one or more sensors, a minimum voltage measured from a time point when the stabilization time ends to a time point when parking of the vehicle ends as a second voltage of the battery; and

detecting, by the at least one or more sensors, a temperature of the battery from a time point when the first voltage is obtained to a time point when the second voltage is obtained;

determining, by a processor operatively connected to the one or more sensors, a first discharge amount based on the first voltage and the second voltage;

determining, by the processor, a second discharge amount consumed in balancing the battery and operating the one or more sensors;

determining, by the processor, a first self-discharge amount and a second self-discharge amount based on the first discharge amount, the second discharge amount, and the temperature;

determining, by the processor, whether a short circuit has occurred in the battery based on the first self-discharge amount and the second self-discharge amount; and

determining, by the processor, a short circuit strength based on a short circuit resistance value, when the second self-discharge amount is greater than the first self-discharge amount.

12 . The method of claim 11 , further including:

obtaining, by the at least one or more sensors, as the first voltage, a maximum voltage among voltages obtained during the stabilization time of the battery after driving of the vehicle is finished.

13 . The method of claim 11 , further including:

obtaining, by the at least one or more sensors, as the first voltage, a minimum voltage among voltages obtained during the stabilization time of the battery after charging of the vehicle is finished.

14 . The method of claim 11 , further including:

determining the first discharge amount based on the first voltage and the second voltage in response that a time required from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained exceeds a threshold time.

15 . The method of claim 11 , further including:

determining, by the processor, an amount of change in a state of charge (SOC) value of the battery with respect to a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage based on a pre-stored lookup table and determining the first discharge amount.

16 . The method of claim 11 , further including:

determining, by the processor, a difference between the first discharge amount and the second discharge amount as a self-discharge amount.

17 . The method of claim 16 , further including:

setting, by the processor, as the first self-discharge amount, the self-discharge amount in response that a minimum temperature of temperatures of the battery from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained is equal to or greater than a first predetermined temperature.

18 . The method of claim 17 , further including:

setting, by the processor, as the second self-discharge amount, the self-discharge amount in response that a maximum temperature of the temperatures of the battery from the time point when the first voltage is obtained to the time point when the second voltage is obtained is equal to or lower than a second predetermined temperature lower than the first predetermined temperature.

19 . The method of claim 18 , further including:

outputting, by the processor, a message informing that a preliminary diagnosis of the battery is required in response that a case where a ratio of the second self-discharge amount to the first self-discharge amount is greater than a short circuit non-occurrence threshold and is less than a short circuit occurrence threshold has occurred continuously and repeatedly a predetermined number of times.

20 . The method of claim 19 , further including:

outputting, by the processor, a message informing that an emergency diagnosis of the battery is required in response that the ratio of the second self-discharge amount to the first self-discharge amount is greater than the short-circuit occurrence threshold.