Display apparatus
A display apparatus includes a lower substrate and a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed over the lower substrate, each light-emitting element including a first-color emission layer. An upper substrate is disposed over the lower substrate and has a plurality of grooves in a lower surface facing the lower substrate. A reflective layer is disposed on entire inner side surfaces of the grooves. Color filter layers are respectively located in the grooves and contact bottom surfaces of the grooves. A first low-refractive-index layer is located in a first groove, and second and third low-refractive-index layers and corresponding quantum dot layers are located in second and third grooves.
1 . A display apparatus comprising:
a lower substrate;
a first light-emitting element, a second light-emitting element, and a third light-emitting element, each of which is disposed over the lower substrate and comprises a first-color emission layer;
an upper substrate having a first groove, a second groove, a third groove, and an additional groove in a lower surface of the upper substrate facing the lower substrate, and disposed over the lower substrate such that the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element are disposed between the upper substrate and the lower substrate;
a reflective layer disposed on an entire inner side surface of each of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove, the reflective layer contacting a bottom surface of each of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove;
a first-color color filter layer and a first low-refractive-index layer located in the first groove, the first-color color filter layer contacting the bottom surface of the first groove, a side surface of the first-color color filter contacting the reflective layer;
a second-color color filter layer, a second low-refractive-index layer, and a second-color quantum dot layer located in the second groove, the second-color color filter layer contacting the bottom surface of the second grove, a side surface of the second-color color filter contacting the reflective layer;
a third-color color filter layer, a third low-refractive-index layer, and a third-color quantum dot layer located in the third groove, the third-color color filter layer contacting the bottom surface of the third groove, a side surface of the third-color color filter contacting the reflective layer,
a first protective layer between the upper substrate and the lower substrate;
a second protective layer between the first protective layer and the lower substrate;
a third protective layer between the second protective layer and the lower substrate; and
an additional low refractive index layer located in the additional groove and disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer;
wherein the third protective layer contacts the second protective layer in the additional groove.
2 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element further comprise:
a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and a third pixel electrode; and
an opposite electrode corresponding to the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode, and
the first-color emission layer is disposed over the first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode, to be disposed between the first pixel electrode to the third pixel electrode and the opposite electrode.
3 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the first-color emission layer emits light in a first wavelength band,
the second-color quantum dot layer converts the light in the first wavelength band into light in a second wavelength band, and
the third-color quantum dot layer converts the light in the first wavelength band into light in a third wavelength band.
4 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer covers a portion of the lower surface of the upper substrate, the portion being outside the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove.
5 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
the second-color quantum dot layer is disposed between the second-color color filter layer and the second light-emitting element,
the third-color quantum dot layer is disposed between the third-color color filter layer and the third light-emitting element,
the first low-refractive-index layer is disposed between the first-color color filter layer and the first light-emitting element,
the second low-refractive-index layer is disposed between the second-color color filter layer and the second-color quantum dot layer, and
the third low-refractive-index layer is disposed between the third-color color filter layer and the third-color quantum dot layer.
6 . The display apparatus of claim 5 ,
wherein the first protective layer is disposed between the first-color color filter layer and the first low-refractive-index layer, between the second-color color filter layer and the second low-refractive-index layer, and between the third-color color filter layer and the third low-refractive-index layer.
7 . The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the first protective layer is integral as a single body over an entire surface of the upper substrate.
8 . The display apparatus of claim 6 ,
wherein the second protective layer is disposed between the second low-refractive-index layer and the second-color quantum dot layer and between the third low-refractive-index layer and the third-color quantum dot layer.
9 . The display apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the second protective layer is integral as a single body over an entire surface of the upper substrate.
10 . The display apparatus of claim 8 , further comprising:
a transparent layer in the first groove to be disposed between the first low-refractive-index layer and the first light-emitting element.
11 . The display apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the second protective layer is disposed between the first low-refractive-index layer and the transparent layer.
12 . The display apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the second protective layer contacts the first protective layer over a portion of the lower surface of the upper substrate, the portion being outside the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove.
13 . The display apparatus of claim 8 ,
wherein the third protective layer is disposed between the second-color quantum dot layer and the second light-emitting element and between the third-color quantum dot layer and the third light-emitting element.
14 . The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the third protective layer is integral as a single body over an entire surface of the upper substrate.
15 . The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the third protective layer contacts the second protective layer on a portion of the lower surface of the upper substrate, the portion being outside the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove.
16 . The display apparatus of claim 13 , wherein
the second protective layer contacts the first protective layer over a bottom surface of the additional groove, and
the third protective layer contacts the second protective layer over the bottom surface of the additional groove.
17 . The display apparatus of claim 16 , wherein
a step-difference is formed between a first portion of a surface of the third protective layer facing the lower substrate and a second portion of the surface of the third protective layer facing the lower substrate,
the first portion is disposed over the bottom surface of the additional groove, and
the second portion is outside the first groove, the second groove, the third groove, and the additional groove.
18 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein
in at least one groove of the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove, a step-difference is formed between a first portion of a surface of the third protective layer facing the lower substrate and a second portion of the surface of the third protective layer facing the lower substrate,
the first portion is disposed over a bottom surface of the at least one groove, and
the second portion is outside the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove.
19 . The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the upper substrate, the first groove, the second groove, and the third groove respectively overlap the first light-emitting element, the second light-emitting element, and the third light-emitting element.