Microfluidic systems in the electrochemical detection of target analytes

1. A microfluidic device for the detection of a target analyte in a fluid sample comprising:

a) a solid support member;

b) a sample handling module including a sample handling well formed in said support member to receive and store said sample;

c) a sample inlet port to said microfluidic device;

d) a first microchannel formed in said support member coupled to and extending between said sample handling well and said sample inlet port;

e) a detection well formed in said support member and a detection electrode positioned in said detection well, said detection electrode being provided with a self-assembled monolayer; and a binding ligand; and,

f) a second microchannel formed in said support member and extending between said sample handling well and said detection well for the flow of said fluid sample there between.

2. The device of claim 1 , and a reagent positioned in said sample handling well.

3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said reagent comprises a cell lysing agent.

4. The device of claim 1 , and a filter adapted for the removal of cellular debris, said filter positioned within said second microchannel.

5. A device according to claim 1 , and a reaction module positioned in the second microchannel.

6. A device according to claim 5 , and reagents for nucleic aid amplification positioned in said reaction module.

7. A device according to claim 5 , and an electrical resistance heater positioned in said reaction module.

8. A device according to claim 1 , and a means for inducing flow of a sample through said microfluidic device.

9. A device according to claim 8 , wherein said means for inducing flow comprises a pump.

10. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising a valve in said second microchannel.

11. A device according to claim 1 , wherein said binding ligand is a nucleic acid.

12. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising an electron transfer moiety positioned in the detection well.

13. A microfluidic device for the detection of a target analyte in a fluid sample comprising:

a) a solid support member;

b) a reaction module formed in said support member;

c) a sample inlet port to said microfluidic device;

d) a first microchannel formed in said support member coupled to and extending between said reaction module and said sample inlet port;

e) a detection well formed in said support member and a detection electrode positioned in said detection well, said detection electrode being provided with a self-assembled monolayer; and a binding ligand; and,

f) a second microchannel formed in said support member and extending between said reaction module and said detection well for the flow of said fluid sample there between.

14. A microfluidic device according to claim 13 , further comprising an electron transfer moiety positioned in the detection well.