Compounds specific to adenosine A1 receptor and uses thereof

1. A compound having the structure:

wherein R 1 is trans-4-hydroxy cyclohexyl, 2-methylamino carbonylamino cyclohexyl, acetylamino ethyl, or methylamino carbonylamino ethyl;

wherein R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 2(1H)-pyridone, 4(1H)-pyridone, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, tetrazole, naphthalene, tetralin, naphthyridine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, 2,3-dihydroindole, 1H-indole, indoline, benzopyrazole, 1,3-benzodioxole, benzoxazole, purine, coumarin, chromone, quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, quinazoline, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,4-b)pyrazine, pyrido[3,2-c]pyridazine, pyrido[3,4-b]-pyridine, 1H-pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pteridine, 2(1H)-quinolone, 1(2H)-isoquinolone, 1,4-benzisoxazine, benzothiazole, quinoxaline, quinoline-N-oxide, isoquinoline-N-oxide, quinoxaline-N-oxide, quinazoline-N-oxide, benzoxazine, phthalazine or cinnoline;

wherein R 5 is H, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, amino, benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, naphthyl, quinolyl, or indolyl, wherein said substituted alkyl is —C(R 7 ) (Ra)XR 9 , wherein X is O, S, or NR 10 ;

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently H or alkyl; wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, R 8 substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , or NR 11 ;

wherein R 11 is —C(═O)CH 3 , or —SO 2 Me; and

wherein R 6 is H, C 1 -C 30 alkyl, substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, or cycloalkyl,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

2. A compound having the structure:

wherein R 1 is trans-4-hydroxy cyclohexyl, 2-methylamino carbonylamino cyclohexyl, or methylamino carbonylamino ethyl;

wherein R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, pyridine, 2(1H)-pyridone, 4(1H)-pyridone, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, tetrazole, naphthalene, tetralin, naphthyridine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, 2,3-dihydroindole, 1H-indole, indoline, benzopyrazole, 1,3-benzodioxole, benzoxazole, purine, coumarin, chromone, quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, quinazoline, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,2-c]pyridazine, pyrido[3,4-b]-pyridine, 1H-pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pteridine, 2(1H)-quinolone, 1(2H)-isoquinolone, 1,4-benzisoxazine, benzothiazole, quinoxaline, quinoline-N-oxide, isoquinoline-N-oxide, quinoxaline-N-oxide, quinazoline-N- oxide, benzoxazine, phthalazine or cinnoline;

wherein R 5 is H, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, amino, benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, naphthyl, quinolyl, or indolyl, wherein said substituted alkyl is —C(R 7 ) (R 8 )XR 9 , wherein X is O, S, or NR 10 ;

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently H or alkyl;

wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, R 8 substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , or NR 11 ;

wherein R 11 —C(═O)CH 3 , or —SO 2 Me; and

wherein R 6 is H, C 1 -C 30 alkyl, substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, or cycloalkyl,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

3. The compound of claim 1 or 2 ,

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each H;

wherein R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, R 8 substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , or NR 11 ;

wherein R 11 is —C(═O)CH 3 , —SO 2 Me,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 3 is phenyl, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, or pyrimidine.

5. The compound of claim 2 , wherein R 3 has the structure:

wherein Y is carbon or nitrogen;

wherein R 2 and R 2 ′ are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, naphthyl, quinolyl, or indolyl, halogen, methoxy, methyl amino, or methyl thio,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Y is carbon.

7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein R 2 is hydrogen.

8. The compound of claim 1 or 7 , wherein R 6 is hydrogen.

9. The compound of claim 1 or 8 , wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

10. The compound of claim 1 or 7 , wherein R 5 and R 6 are each methyl.

11. The compound of claim 6 , wherein R 2 is halogen.

12. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Y is nitrogen.

13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein R 2 is hydrogen.

14. The compound of claim 13 , wherein R 5 and R 6 are each hydrogen.

15. The compound of claim 2 , having the structure:

wherein R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, pyridine, 2(1H)-pyridone, 4(1H)-pyridone, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, tetrazole, naphthalene, tetralin, naphthyridine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, 2,3-dihydroindole, 1H-indole, indoline, benzopyrazole, 1,3-benzodioxole, benzoxazole, purine, coumarin, chromone, quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, quinazoline, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,2-c]pyridazine, pyrido[3,4-b]pyridine, 1H-pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pteridine, 2(1H)-quinolone, 1(2H)-isoquinolone, 1,4-benzisoxazine, benzothiazole, quinoxaline, quinoline-N-oxide, isoquinoline-N-oxide, quinoxaline-N-oxide, quinazoline-N-oxide, benzoxazine, phthalazine or cinnoline;

wherein R 5 is H, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, amino, benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, naphthyl, quinolyl, or indolyl, wherein said substituted alkyl is —C(R 7 ) (R 8 )XR 9 , wherein X is O, S, or NR 10 ;

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently H or alkyl;

wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, Ra substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 ′ is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , or NR 11 ;

wherein R 11 is —C(═O)CH 3 , or —SO 2 Me; and

wherein R 6 is H, C 1 -C 30 alkyl, substituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, or cycloalkyl,

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

16. The compound of claim 15 ,

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each H;

wherein R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, R 8 , substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 ′ is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , NR 11 ;

wherein R 11 is —C(═O)CH 3 , or —SO 2 Me,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

17. The compound of claim 1 , having the structure:

18. The compound of claim 1 , having the structure:

19. The compound of claim 1 , having the structure:

20. The compound of claim 1 , having the structure:

21. The compound of claim 2 , having the structure:

22. The compound of claim 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 15 or 15 , wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, or imino.

23. A process for preparing the compound of claim 1 or 2 , comprising the steps of

a) reacting

and

to provide

wherein P is a removable protecting group;

b) treating the product of step a) under cyclization conditions to provide

c) treating the product of step b) under suitable conditions to provide

d) treating the chlorinated product of step c) with NH 2 R 1 to provide

wherein R 1 is trans-4-hydroxy cyclohexyl, 2-methylamino carbonylamino cyclohexyl, acetylamino ethyl, or methylamino carbonylamino ethyl;

wherein R 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyrrole, thiophene, furan, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, pyridine, 2(1H)-pyridone, 4(1H)-pyridone, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, tetrazole, naphthalene, tetralin, naphthyridine, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, 2,3-dihydroindole, 1H-indole, indoline, benzopyrazole, 1,3-benzodioxole, benzoxazole, purine, coumarin, chromone, quinoline, tetrahydroquinoline, isoquinoline, benzimidazole, quinazoline, pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine, pyrido[3,2-c]pyridazine, pyrido(3,4-b]-pyridine, 1H-pyrazole[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pteridine, 2(1H)-quinolone, 1(2H)-isoquinolone, 1,4-benzisoxazine, benzothiazole, quinoxaline, quinoline-N-oxide, isoquinoline-N-oxide, quinoxaline-N-oxide, quinazoline-N-oxide, benzoxazine, phthalazine or cinnoline;

wherein R 5 is H, or a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 30 alkyl, amino, benzene, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, imidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, triazole, tetrazole, pyrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, naphthyl, quinolyl, or indolyl, wherein said substituted alkyl is —C(R 7 ) (R 8 )XR 9 , wherein X is O, S, or NR 10 ;

wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently H or alkyl; wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently alkyl or cycloalkyl, or R 9 , R 10 and the nitrogen together form a substituted or unsubstituted morpholino, thiomorpholino, N-4-substituted piperazino, 2-substituted piperazine, R 8 ′ substituted pyrrolidino, or piperidine ring;

wherein R 8 ′ is H, OH, CH 2 OH, —C(═O)NR 9 R 10 , or NR 13 ;

wherein R 11 is —C(═O)CH 3 , or —SO 2 Me;

wherein R 6 is H, alkyl, substituted alkyl, or cycloalkyl,

wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, alkylarylamino, acylamino, alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate, sulfate, sulfonato, sulfamoyl, sulfonamido, nitro, trifluoromethyl, cyano, or azido.

24. The process of claim 23 wherein R1 is trans-4-hydroxy cyclohexyl.

25. The process of claim 23 , wherein any substituent, if present, is halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, alkyl amino, carbamoyl, ureido, amidino, or imino.

26. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 , 2 , or 15 , and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

27. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein the therapeutically effective amount is effective to treat asthma, allergic rhinitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

28. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is an periocular, retrobulbar or intraocular injection formulation.

29. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a systemic formulation.

30. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26 , wherein said pharmaceutical composition is a surgical irrigating solution.

31. A method of inhibiting the activity of overstimulated A1 adenosine receptors in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1 , 2 or 15 so as to thereby inhibit the activity of A1 adenosine receptors in a subject.

32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the subject is a mammal.

33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the mammal is a human.

34. The method of claim 31 , wherein the inhibition of the A1 adenosine receptors results in the treatment of antidiuresis, bradycardia, bronchitis, bronchoconstriction, cardiac arrythmias, cardiac hypoxia, hypertension, negative cardiac inotropy and dromotropy, renal failure, sedation, contraction of smooth muscle underlying respiratory epithelia, vasoconstriction or mast cell degranulation in the subject.

35. The method of claim 31 , wherein the inhibition of the A1 adenosine receptors results in the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, allergic rhinitis, or an upper respiratory disorder in the subject.