Thiazole, imidazole and oxazole compounds and treatments of disorders associated with protein aging

1. A method of, treating damage to blood vasculature, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary heart disease or heart failure in an animal, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula I or IA,

wherein:

a. J is sulfur;

b. the carbon 2 to nitrogen bond is a double bond except when R c is oxo;

c. the bond between carbons 4 and 5 is a single bond or a double bond;

d. R a and R b are

1. independently selected from hydrogen, acylamino, acyloxyalkyl, alkanoyl, alkanoylalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, allyl, amino, ω-alkylenesulfonic acid, carbamoyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), cycloalkyl, dialkylamino, halo, hydroxy, (C 2 -C 6 )hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, sulfamoyl, sulfonic acid, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, trifluoromethyl; or

2. together with their ring carbons form a C 6 - or C 10 - aryl fused ring; or

3. together with their ring carbons form a C 5 -C 7 fused cycloalkyl ring having up to two double bonds including a fused double bond of the containing group, which cycloalkyl ring can be substituted by one or more of the group consisting of alkyl alkoxycarbonyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxy, fluoro, or oxo.

e. R c is

1. oxo (when Δ 2,3 is not present), or (when Δ 2,3 is present) hydrogen, alkyl, alkylthio, hydrogen, mercapto, amino, amino (C 1 -C 5 ) alkyl, amino(C 6 or C 10 )aryl, or wherein the amino of the last three groups can be substituted with

(a) Ar,

(b) Ar—Z—, Ar-alkyl-Z—, Ar—Z-alkyl, Ar-amino-Z-, Ar-aminoalkyl-Z-, or Ar- oxyalkyl-Z-, wherein Z is a carbonyl or —SO 2 —

(c) formyl or alkanoyl, or

(d) up to two alkyl,

2. —NHC(O)(CH 2 ) n —D—R e R f , wherein D is oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, wherein where D is nitrogen n is 0, 1 or 2, but when D is oxygen or sulfur n=1 or 2, and R f is present only when D is nitrogen, wherein

(a) R e is

(1) Ar,

(2) a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl ring having up to one double bond with the proviso that the carbon linking the cyloalkyl ring to D is saturated, which cycloalkyl ring can be substituted by one or more alkyl-, alkcoxycarbonyl-, amino-, aminocarbonyl-, carboxy-, fluoro-, or oxo-substituents;

(3) hydrogen, (C 2 -C 6 )hydroxyalkyl, alkanoylalkyl, alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkenyl, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkoxyimino), alkoxycarbonyl, a group Ar Φ which is C 6 - or C 10 - aryl or Ar Φ -alkyl; and

(b) R f is independently hydrogen, (C 2 -C 6 )hydroxyalkyl, alkanoylalkyl, alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkenyl, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), alkoxycarbonyl, Ar Φ , or Ar Φ -alkyl;

wherein aryl, Ar, or Ar Φ can be substituted with, in addition to any substitutions specifically noted one or more substituents selected from the group of acylamino, acyloxyalkyl, alkanoyl, alkanoylalkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, Φ-alkylenesulfonic acid, alkylthio, allyl, amino, ArC(O)-, ArC(O)NH-, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, dialkylamino, halo, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, (C 2 -C 6 )hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, ArO—, Ar-, Ar-alkyl-, sulfamoyl, sulfonic acid, except those of Ar and A Φ , can be substituted with in addition to any substitutions specifically noted one or more substituents selected from acylamino, alkanoyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio, amino, ArC(O)—, ArO—, Ar-, Ar-alkyl, carboxy, dialkylamino, fluoro, fluoroalkyl, difluoroalkyl, hydroxy, mercapto, oxo, sulfamoyl, and trifluoromethyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compounds.

2. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the formula I, wherein J is S, and R c is hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, amino, amino(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl or aminophenyl, wherein the amino of the latter three groups can be substituted with

(a)Ar;

(b) Ar—Z—, Ar-alkyl-Z—, Ar—Z-alkyl, Ar-amino-Z-, Ar-aminoalkyl-Z-, or Ar-oxyalkyl-Z-, wherein Z is a carbonyl or —SO—; or

(c) formyl or alkanoyl.

3. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the formula I wherein J is S, and R c is hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, amino, amino(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl or aminophenyl, wherein the amino of the latter three groups can be substituted with

(a) Ar;

(b) Ar—Z—, Ar-alkyl-Z—, Ar—Z-alkyl, Ar-amino-Z-, Ar-aminoalkyl-Z-, or Ar-oxyalkyl-Z-, wherein Z is a carbonyl or —SO 2 —; or

(c) formyl or alkanoyl.

4. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the formula I, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of thiazole; 2-amino-4-chlorobenzothiazo; 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole; 2-(3,5- dimethylphenoxy)-N-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide-; 2-isobutylthiazol; (4-fluorophenyl)thiazolin-2-ylamine; and 5,5-dimethyl-2-(2-naphthylamino)-4,5,6-trihydrobenzothiazol-7-one.

5. The method of claim 1 , comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the formula I, wherein

R a and R b are

1. independently selected from hydrogen, acylamino, alkanoyl, alkanoylalkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylamino, amino, Φ-alkylenesulfonic acid, carbamoyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), cycloalkyl, dialkylamino, halo, hydroxy, (C 2 -C 6 )hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, sulfamoyl, sulfonic acid, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylthio and trifluoromethyl; or

2. together with their ring carbons form a C 6 - or C 10 - aryl fused ring; or

3. together with their ring carbons form a C 5 -C 7 fused cycloalkyl ring having no double bonds except a fused double bond of the formula I or IA ring, which cycloalkyl ring can be substituted by one or more of the group consisting of alkyl, amino, aminocarbonyl, carboxy, fluoro, or oxo, where multiple substituents are located on different carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl ring, except in the case of alkyl and fluoro substituents, which can be located on the same or different carbon atoms.

6. A method of, damage to blood vasculature, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary heart disease or heart failure, in an amimal, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula III:

wherein:

X is sulfur; the carbon 2 to nitrogen bond is a double bond except when R 3 is oxo; the bond between carbons 4 and 5 is a single bond or a double bond;

R 1 and R 2

are independently hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkanoylalkyl, alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkenyl, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), alkoxycarbonyl, or

together with their ring carbons form a C 6 -C 10 aromatic fused ring which can be substituted by one or more halo, amino, alkyl, sulfo, or sulfoalkyl; groups, or

together with their ring carbons form a C 5 -C 7 fused cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring having up to two double bonds including a fused double bond of the thiazole radical, which aliphatic ring can be substituted by one or more amino, halo, alkyl, sulfo, sulfoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, or oxo groups;

R 3 is

(a) when X is S, R 3 is hydrogen, oxo, alkyl, amino, amino(C 1 -C 5 )alkyl or aminophenyl, wherein the amino of the latter three groups can be substituted with:

(i) Ar,

(ii) Ar-carbonyl, Ar-alkanoyl, Ar-carbonylalkyl, Ar-aminocarbonyl Ar-aminoalkanoyl or Ar-oxyalkanoyl or

(iii) formyl or alkanoyl,

(b) —NHC(O)(CH 2 ) n —Y—R 5 R 6 , wherein Y is oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, n is 0 or 1, but n=1 when Y is oxygen or sulfur, and R 6 is present only when Y is nitrogen, wherein R 5 is

(i) Ar,

(iii) a C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl ring having up to one double bond, which aliphatic ring can be substituted by one or more amino, halo, alkyl, sulfo, sulfoalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, or oxo groups;

(v) hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkanoylalkyl, alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkenyl, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), alkoxycarbonyl, a group Ar which is (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl or Ar-alkyl,

and R 6 is independently hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl, (C 2 -C 6 )alkanoylalkyl, alkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkenyl, carboxyalkyl (which alkyl can be substituted with alkyloxyimino), alkoxycarbonyl, a group Ar which is (C 6 -C 10 ) aryl Ar-alkyl;

wherein each group Ar can be substituted by one or more halo, amino, alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, sulfo, or sulfoalkyl, groups, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compounds.

7. The method of claim 6 , comprising administering an amount effective therefor of one or more compounds of the following formula:

wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are defined in claim 1 .

8. The method of claim 6 , comprising administering an amount effective therefor of one or more compounds of the following formula:

wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are defined in claim 1 .

9. The method of claim 1 or 6 , wherein the animal is human.

10. The method of claim 1 or 6 , where formation of advanced glycosylation end products in the animal is inhibited, or preformation of advanced glycosylation end products in the animals is reversed.