System for automated screening of security cameras
View Patent ↗The present invention involves a system for automatically screening closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras for large and small scale security systems, as used for example in parking garages. The system includes six primary software elements, each of which performs a unique function within the operation of the security system to provide intelligent camera selection for operators, resulting in a marked decrease of operator fatigue in a CCTV system. Real-time image analysis of video data is performed wherein a single pass of a video frame produces a terrain map which contains parameters indicating the content of the video. Based on the parameters of the terrain map, the system is able to make decisions about which camera an operator should view based on the presence and activity of vehicles and pedestrians, furthermore, discriminating vehicle traffic from pedestrian traffic. The system is compatible with existing CCTV (closed circuit television) systems and is comprised of modular elements to facilitate integration and upgrades.
1. A method for real-time analysis of video image data for subject content, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) performing at least one pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a plurality of parameters wherein said parameters indicate the content of said video image data,
said parameters comprising an average altitude parameter; a degree of slope parameter; a direction of slope parameter; a horizontal smoothness parameter; a vertical smoothness parameter; and a jaggyness parameter.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said parameters are generated by color space calculations, said color space calculations comprising a color degree parameter which measures how far a color is from gray scale.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said parameters are generated by color space calculations, said color space calculations comprising a color direction parameter which measures color based on a two-dimensional color analysis.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said average altitude parameter measures an average value of four pixels in the center of a 2×2 kernel in said frame of said video image data.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein degree of slope parameter measures an absolute difference between a highest average value and a lowest average value calculated by said average altitude.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein direction of slope parameter measures a direction of slope based on a highest average value and a lowest average value calculated by said average altitude.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein horizontal smoothness parameter measures a consistency of change in horizontal direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said vertical smoothness parameter measures a consistency of change in vertical direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein jaggyness parameter measures an offset in pixels between odd and even fields for a target segmented from said frame of said video image data.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said real-time analysis discriminates between vehicular traffic and pedestrian traffic.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said real-time analysis further comprises a maintain background function wherein a background is segregated from a moving target by averaging said video image data which contains no said moving target and said moving target is further analyzed to determine if said moving target is a pedestrian or a vehicle.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said real-time analysis recognizes at least one event which defines the presence of or change in a target within said video image data.
13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein said events comprise one or more of the following:
presence of a single person;
presence of multiple people;
fast person;
fallen person;
lurking person;
erratic person;
converging people;
presence of a single vehicle;
presence of multiple vehicles;
fast vehicle; or
sudden stop vehicle.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said parameters further comprise:
a color degree parameter which measures how far a color is from gray scale;
a color direction parameter which measures color based on a two-dimensional color analysis; and
said average altitude parameter measures an average value of four pixels in the center of a 2×2 kernel in said frame of said video image data;
said degree of slope parameter measures an absolute difference between a highest average value and a lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
said direction of slope parameter measures a direction of slope based on said highest average value and said lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
said horizontal smoothness parameter which measures a consistency of change in horizontal direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data;
said vertical smoothness parameter measures a consistency of change in vertical direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data; and
said jaggyness parameter measures an offset in pixels between odd and even fields for a target segmented from said frame of said video image data.
15. A method for real-time analysis of video image data for subject content, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) performing at least one pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a plurality of parameters wherein said parameters indicate the content of said video image data, wherein said parameters comprise:
an average altitude parameter which measures an average value of four pixels in the center of a 2×2 kernel in said frame of said video image data;
a degree of slope parameter which measures an absolute difference between a highest average value and a lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
direction of slope parameter which measures a direction of slope based on said highest average value and said lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
a horizontal smoothness parameter which measures a consistency of change in horizontal direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data;
a vertical smoothness parameter which measures a consistency of change in vertical direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data; and
a jaggyness parameter which measures an offset in pixels between odd and even fields for a target segmented from said frame of said video image data.
16. A method for real-time analysis of video image data, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) performing a single pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a color space calculation wherein said color space calculation comprises:
a color degree parameter which measures how far a color is from gray scale; and
a color direction parameter which measures color based on a two-dimensional color analysis.
17. A computer system for automated screening of security cameras, said computer system in communication with a plurality of video cameras and comprising real-time image analysis components wherein video image data from said video cameras is analyzed by said image analysis components and said video image data is then selectively presented to an operator for security monitoring, said system providing real-time analysis of said video image data for subject content and including:
(a) provision for performing a at least one single pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) provision for generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a plurality of parameters wherein said parameters indicate the content of said video image data,
said parameters comprising an average altitude parameter; a degree of slope parameter; a direction of slope parameter; a horizontal smoothness parameter; a vertical smoothness parameter; and a jaggyness parameter.
18. A method for real-time analysis of video image data for subject content, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) performing at least one pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a plurality of parameters wherein said parameters indicate the content of said video image data,
said terrain map containing in said plurality of parameters characteristic information regarding the content of the video, the characteristic information being based on each of kernels of pixels in an input buffer, the characteristic information comprising at least a number of bytes of data describing the relationship of each of a plurality of pixels in a larger kernel surrounding the first-said kernel.
19. A computer system for automated screening of security cameras, said computer system in communication with a plurality of video cameras and comprising real-time image analysis components wherein video image data from said video cameras is analyzed by said image analysis components and said video image data is then selectively presented to an operator for security monitoring, said system providing real-rime analysis of said video image data for subject content and including:
(a) provision for performing at least one pass through a frame of said video image data; and
(b) provision for generating a terrain map from said pass through said frame of said video image data, said terrain map comprising a plurality of parameters wherein said parameters indicate the content of said video image data;
said terrain map containing in said plurality of parameters characteristic information regarding the content of the video, the characteristic information being based on each of kernels of pixels in an input buffer, the characteristic information comprising at least a number of bytes of data describing the relationship of each of a plurality of pixels in a larger kernel surrounding the first-said kernel.
20. A computer system according to claim 19 , wherein said parameters comprise:
an average altitude parameter which measures an average value of four pixels in the center of a 2×2 kernel in said frame of said video image data;
a degree of slope parameter which measures an absolute difference between a highest average value and a lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
direction of slope parameter which measures a direction of slope based on said highest average value and said lowest average value calculated by said average altitude;
a horizontal smoothness parameter which measures a consistency of change in horizontal direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data;
a vertical smoothness parameter which measures a consistency of change in vertical direction from a lowest pixel to a highest pixel in said frame of said video image data; and
a jaggyness parameter which measures an offset in pixels between odd and even fields for a target segmented from said frame of said video image data.
21. A computer system according to claim 20 , wherein said parameters are generated by color space calculations, said color space calculations comprising a color degree parameter which measures how far a color is from gray scale,
said color space calculations further comprising a color direction parameter which measures color based on a two-dimensional color analysis.