Integrated optical circuits
An optoelectronic device having a flexible substrate and an optical interconnect (i.e. waveguide) comprising a sol-gel based material formed on the substrate. The sol-gel based waveguide is capable of being integrated into an all-optical system and provides for greater interconnect distance and lower signal loss. Other sol-gel based optical devices, such as filters, optical source, detectors, sensors, switches and the like, will be implemented in conjunction with the sol-gel based waveguides to provide for an integrated optical system. Methods of formulating the sol-gel based material and methods for fabricating the sol-gel based devices are also provided.
1. An optoelectronic device comprising:
a substrate having a first surface; and
at least one optical interconnect formed on the first surface of said substrate comprising a sol-gel based material including an active region defined in the sol-gel based material, wherein the active region comprises rare earth ions.
2. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth ions have transition lines in the about 0.2 micron to about 3.0 micron spectrum when illuminated by at least one optical source.
3. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth ions have transition lines in the about 1.5 micron range when illuminated by at least one optical source.
4. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth ions comprise a rare earth ion chosen from the group consisting of erbium, ytterbium and neodymium ions.
5. The optoclectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the rare earth ions comprise erbium and ytterbium ions.
6. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel based material further comprises at least one electro-optic organic component.
7. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the active region is capable of being optically side-pumped.
8. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one optical source for optically pumping the active region.
9. The optoelectronic device of claim 8 , wherein the at least one optical source is chosen from the group consisting of at least one vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL), at least one fiber laser, at least one waveguide laser and at least one semiconductor laser.
10. The optoelectronic device of claim 8 , wherein the at least one optical source is used to side-pump the active region of the optical interconnect.
11. The optoelectronic device of claim 8 , further comprising an optical detector that is in optical communication with the optical interconnect for detecting an optical signal within the optical interconnect.
12. The optoelectronic device of claim 11 , wherein the optical detector comprises a sol-gel based material.
13. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one optical interconnect further comprises grating structures formed on the at least one optical interconnect.
14. The optoelectronic device of claim 13 , wherein the grating structures have a fixed periodicity.
15. The optoelectronic device of claim 13 , wherein the grating structures have a chirped periodicity.
16. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one optical interconnect further comprises prism structures formed on the at least one optical interconnect.
17. The optoelectronic device of claim 1 , wherein the active region comprises rare earth ions surrounded by a tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) molecule.