High permeability grain oriented electrical steel
View Patent ↗The present invention provides a method of producing a high permeability grain oriented electrical steel having excellent mechanical and magnetic properties. A hot band having a thickness of about 1.5 to about 4.0 mm has a chemistry comprising about 2.5 to about 4.5% silicon, about 0.1 to about 1.2% chromium, about 0.02 to about 0.08% carbon, about 0.01 to about 0.05% aluminum, up to about 0.1% sulfur, up to about 0.14% selenium, about 0.03 to about 0.15% manganese, up to about 0.2% tin, up to about 1% copper, and balance being essentially iron and residual elements, all percentages by weight. The band has a volume resistivity of at least about 45 μΩ-cm, an austenite volume fraction (γ 1150° C. ) of at least 20% and the strip has an isomorphic layer thickness of at least about 2% of the total thickness on at least one surface of the hot processed band. The band is rapidly cooled after the anneal prior to cold rolling at a rate of at least 30° C./second from 875-950° C. to a temperature below 400° C. The band is cold reduced in one or more stages with a final reduction of at least 80%, annealed, decarburized and coated with an annealing separator on at least one side. A final annealing provides stable secondary grain growth and a permeability measured at 796 A/m of at least 1840.
1. A method for producing a high permeability grain oriented electrical steel, consisting essentially of the steps of:
providing a strip having a thickness of from about 1.5 to about 4 mm,
the strip composition comprising about 2.0 to about 4.5% silicon, greater than 0.25 to about 1.2% chromium, about 0.01 to about 0.08% carbon, about 0.01 to about 0.05% aluminum,
the strip having a volume resistivity of at least about 45 μΩ-cm, and an austenite volume fraction (γ1150° C.) of at least about 20%,
annealing said strip to provide an isomorphic layer thickness of at least about 2% of the total thickness of the annealed strip,
rapidly cooling the annealed strip to ensure that the austenite is transformed into a hard second phase,
cold rolling the cooled and annealed strip in one or more stages to provide a cold rolled strip, said cold rolling providing a final reduction of at least 80%,
decarburization annealing the cold roll strip sufficiently to prevent magnetic aging,
coating at least one surface of the decarburization annealed strip with an annealing separator coating, and
final annealing the coated strip to effect secondary grain growth and thereby provide a permeability measured at 796 A/m of at least 1840.
2. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein the composition comprises up to about 0.1% sulfur, up to about 0.14% selenium, about 0.03 to about 0.15% manganese, up to about 0.2% tin, and up to about 1% copper.
3. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the isomorphic layer has a thickness of at least about 4% on at least one side of said strip.
4. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein the austenite volume is about 20 to about 40%.
5. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein the austenite volume is about 25 to about 35%.
6. The method claimed in claim 1 wherein the cold rolling is done in a single stage and the final cold reduction is at least about 85%.
7. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein a microstructure of the strip prior to the cold rolling to the final thickness consists of a ferrite matrix having more than 1 vol. % of martensite and/or retained austenite and the strip prior to the cold rolling to the final thickness has a carbon content of at least 0.020%.
8. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the volume resistivity is at least about 50 μΩ-cm.
9. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the carbon is about 0.03% to about 0.06%.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the chromium is greater than 0.25% to about 0.75%.
11. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the chromium is greater than 0.3% to about 0.5%.
12. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the silicon is about 2.75% to about 3.75%.
13. The method claimed of claim 1 wherein the silicon is about 3.0% to about 3.5%.
14. The method of claim 1 wherein the aluminum is 0.02% to about 0.03%.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip composition further comprises about 0.05% to about 0.09% manganese.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip composition further comprises about 0.05% to about 0.1% tin.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip composition further comprises about 0.02% to about 0.03% sulfur or selenium.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein the strip composition further comprise about 0.05% to about 0.15% copper.
19. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbon is decarburized to a level below about 0.003%.
20. The method of claim 1 wherein the annealing after the decarburizing anneal includes a rapid heating at a rate greater than about 100° C./second.