Gel compositions
Two-phase gel compositions are provided. The two-phase gel compositions are obtained by mixing a gelled ester composition comprising a mixture of an ester compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof and a hydrophobic, non polar solvent. The gelled ester composition has a viscosity η 1 and the solvent has a viscosity η 2 . The two-phase gel composition is substantially free of phosphate compounds and has a viscosity η which is greater than or equal to η 1 and which is greater than or equal to η 2 . The two-phase gel compositions are also obtained by mixing a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fat and oil composition or a combination thereof with a hydrophobic, non polar solvent. The two-phase gel compositions may be used to suspend various solids, liquids and/or gases.
1. A two-phase gel composition comprising:
a gelled ester composition comprising a mixture of an ester compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof, the gelled ester composition having a viscosity η 1 ; and
a hydrophobic, non polar solvent, the solvent having a viscosity η 2 , wherein the two-phase gel composition is substantially free of phosphate compounds and has a viscosity η which is greater than or equal to η 1 and which is greater than or equal to η 2 .
2. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is substantially greater than or equal to the sum of η 1 and η 22 .
3. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , further comprising a diblock copolymer, wherein the gelled ester composition is substantially free of mineral oils.
4. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the ester compound is represented by the following formulas:
wherein n=1, 2, 3, and 4, and R 1 includes hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted alkyl, or substituted phenyl; and
R 2 includes hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted alkyl, substituted phenyl, alkylene, phenylene, substituted alkylene, or substituted phenylene.
5. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the ester compound is represented by the following formula:
wherein R 1 includes hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted alkyl, or substituted phenyl, and R 3 includes alkylene, phenylene, substituted alkylene, or substituted phenylene.
6. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the ester compound is represented by the following formula:
wherein R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 individually include alkylene, phenylene, substituted alkylene, or substituted phenylene, and R 7 , R 8 and R 9 individually include hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, phenyl, methoxyphenyl, alkylphenyl, substituted alkyl, or substituted phenyl.
7. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the ester compound is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, C 12 -C 15 alkyl benzoate, octyl methoxycinnamate, octyl dodecyl neopentanoate, propylene glycol dicaprylate/caprate, jojoba oil, and isostearyl neopentanoate.
8. The two-phase gel composition of claim 3 , wherein the diblock copolymer is selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene/propylene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butadiene copolymers, styrene-isoprene copolymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, and a mixture thereof.
9. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the triblock copolymer is selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene/propylene-styrene copolymers, styrene-ethylene/butadiene-styrene copolymers, styrene-isoprene-styrene copolymers, styrene-butadiene-styrene copolymers, and a mixture thereof.
10. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of oils, mineral white oils, base oils, technical mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, solid hydrocarbons, semi-solid hydrocarbons, waxes, petroleum distillates, petrolatums, and combinations thereof.
11. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the gelled ester composition is present in the amount of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
12. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the gelled ester composition is present in the amount of about 10% to about 40% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
13. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is present in the amount of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
14. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is present in the amount of about 60% to about 90% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
15. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , further comprising a suspended component.
16. The two-phase gel composition of claim 15 , wherein the suspended component is a solid selected from the group consisting of organic materials, inorganic materials, organometallic materials, phosphorescent materials, and fluorescent materials.
17. The two-phase gel composition of claim 15 , wherein the suspended component is a solid selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, coated zinc oxide, surface-treated zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, coated titanium dioxide, surface-treated titanium dioxide, graphite, explosive materials, air-sensitive chemicals, moisture-sensitive chemicals, boron nitride, iron oxides, talc, mica, plastics, polymers, silica, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, metal particles, antibacterials, antibiotics, anesthetics, glass, clays, gums, capsules containing an active ingredient, starch, modified starch, fragrances, color pigments, sunscreen active particles, glitters, molybdenum oxide, zinc sulfide, copper-doped zinc sulfide, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plasticizers, medical materials, antimicrobials, antifungals, other encapsulated materials, and combinations thereof.
18. The two-phase gel composition of claim 15 , wherein the suspended component is a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, water containing a water-soluble material, glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, alcohols, acids, surfactants, emulsifiers, polyglycerols, ethers, polar esters, fluorinated compounds, perfluoropolyethers, silicones, silicon-containing compounds, and combinations thereof.
19. The two-phase gel composition of claim 15 , wherein the suspended component is a gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chloride, air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, propane, neon, helium, and combinations thereof.
20. The two-phase gel composition of claim 1 , further comprising an active ingredient.
21. The two-phase gel composition of claim 20 , wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of sunscreens, antiperspirants, deodorants, perfumes, cosmetics, emollients, insect repellants, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, plasticizers, insecticides, and medicaments.
22. A two-phase gel composition, comprising:
a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof, said gelled composition comprising a mixture of an ether compound, an alcohol compound, or a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of diblock copolymers, triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof, the gelled composition having a viscosity η 1 ; and
a hydrophobic, non polar solvent, the solvent having a viscosity η 2 , wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity η which is greater than or equal to η 1 and which is greater than or equal to η 2 .
23. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is substantially greater than or equal to the sum of η 1 and η 2 .
24. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the alcohols include octyl dodecanol or isostearyl alcohol.
25. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the ethers include dicaprylyl ether or octyl methoxycinnamate.
26. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the naturally-occurring fats and oils include linseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, olive oil, castor oil, coconut oil, palm oil, peanut oil, jojoba oil, or macadamia nut oil.
27. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of oils, mineral white oils, base oils, technical mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons, solid hydrocarbons, semi-solid hydrocarbons, waxes, petroleum distillates, petrolatums, and combinations thereof.
28. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the gelled composition is present in the amount of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
29. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the gelled composition is present in the amount of about 10% to about 40% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
30. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the solvent is present in the amount of about 5% to about 95% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
31. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , wherein the solvent is present in the amount of about 60% to about 90% by weight of the two-phase gel composition.
32. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , further comprising a suspended component.
33. The two-phase gel composition of claim 32 , wherein the suspended component is a solid selected from the group consisting of organic materials, inorganic materials, organometallic materials, phosphorescent materials, and fluorescent materials.
34. The two-phase gel composition of claim 32 , wherein the suspended component is a solid selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, coated zinc oxide, surface-treated zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, coated titanium dioxide, surface-treated titanium dioxide, graphite, explosive materials, air-sensitive chemicals, moisture-sensitive chemicals, boron nitride, iron oxides, talc, mica, plastics, polymers, silica, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, metal particles, antibacterials, antibiotics, anesthetics, glass, clays, gums, capsules containing an active ingredient, starch, modified starch, fragrances, color pigments, sunscreen active particles, glitters, molybdenum oxide, zinc sulfide, copper-doped zinc sulfide, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, plasticizers; medical materials, antimicrobials, antifungals, other encapsulated materials, and combinations thereof.
35. The two-phase gel composition of claim 32 , wherein the suspended component is a liquid selected from the group consisting of water, water containing a water-soluble material, glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, alcohols, acids, surfactants, emulsifiers, polyglycerols, ethers, polar esters, fluorinated compounds, perfluoropolyethers, silicones, silicon-containing compounds, and combinations thereof.
36. The two-phase gel composition of claim 32 , wherein the suspended component is a gas selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, chloride, air, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, propane, neon, helium, and combinations thereof.
37. The two-phase gel composition of claim 22 , further comprising an active ingredient.
38. The two-phase gel composition of claim 37 , wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of sunscreens, antiperspirants, deodorants, perfumes, cosmetics, emollients, insect repellants, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, plasticizers, insecticides, and medicaments.
39. A method of increasing the viscosity of a gelled composition comprising: mixing a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ester composition, a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof with a hydrophobic, non-polar solvent to form a mixture; heating the mixture; agitating the mixture until the mixture becomes homogeneous; and cooling the mixture to form a two-phase gel composition, wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
40. A method of increasing the viscosity of a gelled composition comprising: heating a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ester composition, a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof, mixing the heated gelled composition with a hydrophobic, non-polar solvent to form a mixture; agitating the mixture until the mixture becomes homogeneous; and cooling the mixture to form a two-phase gel composition, wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
41. A method of increasing the viscosity of a gelled composition comprising: heating a hydrophobic, non-polar solvent; mixing the heated solvent with a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ester composition, a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof to form a mixture; agitating the mixture until the mixture becomes homogeneous; and cooling the mixture to form a two-phase gel composition, wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
42. A method of increasing the viscosity of a gelled composition comprising: heating a hydrophobic, non-polar solvent; separately heating a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ester composition, a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof; mixing the heated solvent with the heated gelled composition to form a mixture; agitating the mixture until the mixture becomes homogeneous; and cooling the mixture to form a two-phase gel composition, wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
43. A method of increasing the viscosity of a gelled composition comprising: mixing a gelled composition selected from the group consisting of a gelled ester composition, a gelled ether composition, a gelled alcohol composition, a gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition, and a combination thereof with a hydrophobic, non-polar solvent to form a two-phase gel composition, wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
44. The method of claim 43 , wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is substantially greater than or equal to the viscosity of the gelled composition and which is substantially greater than or equal to the viscosity of the solvent.
45. The method of claim 43 , wherein the two-phase gel composition has a viscosity which is substantially greater than or equal to the sum of the viscosity of the gelled composition and the viscosity of the solvent.
46. The method of claim 43 , wherein the gelled ester composition comprises a mixture of an ester compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof.
47. The method of claim 43 , wherein the gelled ether composition comprises a mixture of an ether compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of diblock copolymers, triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof.
48. The method of claim 43 , wherein the gelled alcohol composition comprises a mixture of an alcohol compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of diblock copolymers, triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof.
49. The method of claim 43 , wherein the gelled naturally-occurring fats and oil composition comprises a mixture of a naturally-occurring fats and oil compound and a polymer compound selected from the group consisting of diblock copolymers, triblock copolymers, star polymers, radial polymers, multi-block copolymers, and a combination thereof.