Surface coverings containing fused recycled material and processes of making the same

1. A method of making a backing for a surface covering comprising obtaining recycled particles from a recycled carpet material by a process consisting of optional shearing, shredding, granulating, optionally elutriating, and grinding, and applying said recycled material in the form of particles on a substrate to form a layer, wherein said recycled material comprises a thermoplastic material;

and fusing said recycled particles to form a continuous backing layer.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fusing is achieved with the application of heat and optionally pressure.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fusing occurs in a double-belt press.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the double-belt press comprises a bottom belt and a top belt, wherein said bottom belt is kept at a temperature from between about 110° to about 130° C. and said top belt is maintained at a temperature of from about 215° to about 220° C.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying virgin thermoplastic material along with said recycled material to form a layer.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recycled particles after fusing substantially maintain their identity as particles on a microscopic level.

7. A method for preparing a backing for a surface covering comprising reducing vinyl backed carpet, vinyl backed carpet manufacturing waste, or both into granules and fibers;

separating at least a portion of the fibers from the granules;

reducing said granules to a smaller particle size to form a powder;

applying the powder to a substrate to form a layer and pressing said powder;

fusing said powder for a sufficient time and temperature in form a continuous backing.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein prior to reducing the vinyl backed carpet, vinyl backed carpet manufacturing waste, or both to granules, said process further comprises removing at least a portion of any face fiber from said vinyl backed carpet.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein said granules have a size of from about ¼″ to about 3/16″.

10. The method of claim 7 , wherein said granules are formed by subjecting the vinyl backed carpet, vinyl backed manufacturing waste, or both to a shredder.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said shredder reduces the vinyl backed carpet or the vinyl backed manufacturing waste to granules having sizes of from about 1″ to about 2″ wide.

12. The method of claim 7 , wherein at least a portion of said fibers are separated from the granules using an aspirator with air stream separation.

13. The method of claim 7 , wherein said granules are reduced to a powder by an ambient grinding process or a cryogenic grinding process.

14. The method of claim 7 , wherein said substrate is positioned so that said substrate is a bottom surface of a primary backing, with textile fibers extending upwardly from the primary backing and forming a surface.

15. The method of claim 7 , further comprising feeding a roll of primary backing onto a belt prior to applying the powder,

applying dispersion grade or suspension grade thermoplastic resins onto the back of the primary backing to form an adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer;

vibrating the primary backing;

reducing the adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer to a soft gel;

placing a reinforcement material on the bottom surface of the adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer and applying pressure, and wherein the powder is applied onto the bottom surface of the reinforcement material.

16. The method of claim 7 , wherein said continuous backing is passed through cooling zone.

17. The method of claim 7 , wherein said fusing occurs on a double-belt press.

18. A method of making a surface covering comprising forming an adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer onto a primary backing by fusing or melting particles comprising a first thermoplastic material;

forming a secondary backing layer on said adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer by fusing or melting particles comprising a second thermoplastic material, wherein said first and second thermoplastic material are the same or different.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein said first thermoplastic material and said second thermoplastic material comprises polyvinyl chloride particles.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein prior to forming the secondary backing layer, a reinforcement material is placed in between the adhesive or polymeric pre-coat layer and the secondary backing layer.

21. The method of claim 18 , further comprising applying an intermediate layer of particles comprising a thermoplastic material after applying the adhesive or pre-coat layer, and then placing a reinforcement material onto the formed intermediate layer prior to the formation of the secondary backing layer.

22. A method of making a vinyl floor surface covering comprising forming a substrate from recycled thermoplastic particles; and applying on a surface of the substrate a wear layer comprising vinyl-based particles; and subjecting the two layers to sufficient heat and optionally pressure to form continuous layers which are adhered to one another.