Monolithic seal for a sapphire metal halide lamp
View Patent ↗A ceramic metal halide discharge lamp may be made having a monolithic seal between a sapphire arc tube and a polycrystalline alumina cap. The lamp is made by providing an arc tube of fully dense sapphire and providing a cap made of unsintered compressed polycrystalline alumina doped with magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide. The cap is presintered to remove binder material at a low temperature. The presintered cap is placed on an end of the arc tube to form a close interface. The presintered cap and arc tube are then heated to until the cap is fully sintered onto the arc tube and the sapphire tube grows into the cap. A monolithic seal is formed along the interface as the sapphire grows into the polycrystalline alumina.
1. A high pressure discharge lamp comprising:
a sapphire tube having an interior surface defining an interior volume, and having an exterior surface defining an outside diameter;
at least one end cap closing an end of the sapphire tube, and adjacent the exterior surface around the sapphire tube, the end cap comprising densified polycrystalline alumina doped with magnesium oxide (MgO) and yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ), the sapphire tube exhibiting crystalline growth into the end cap to provide a hermetic seal around the sapphire tube;
an electrically conductive electrode hermetically sealed through the end cap to extend between the lamp exterior and the enclosed volume; and
a fill material enclosed in the interior volume of the sapphire tube, the fill material capable of being excited to light emission by applied electric power.
2. The lamp in claim 1 , wherein the sapphire tube has a diameter equal to or greater than 1.0 millimeter.
3. The lamp in claim 1 , wherein the sapphire tube includes has a growth region of more than 40.0 microns into the end cap.
4. The lamp in claim 1 , wherein the interface between the sapphire tube and the PCA end cap exhibits peak to peak roughness greater than 10.0 microns.
5. The lamp in claim 1 , wherein the PCA end cap includes from 100 to 700 ppm yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ).
6. The lamp in claim 5 , wherein the PCA end cap includes about 350 ppm yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ).
7. The lamp in clam 1 , wherein the fill material is a metal halide.
8. The lamp in claim 1 , wherein the PCA end cap includes from 100 to 1000 ppm magnesium oxide (MgO).
9. The lamp in claim 8 , wherein the PCA end cap includes 500 ppm magnesium oxide (MgO).
10. A high pressure discharge lamp comprising:
a sapphire tube having an interior surface defining an interior volume, and having an exterior surface defining an outside diameter greater than 1 millimeter;
at least one end cap closing an end of the sapphire tube, and adjacent the exterior surface around the sapphire tube, the end cap comprising densified polycrystalline alumina doped with magnesium oxide and yttrium oxide from 100 to 700 ppm yttrium oxide, the sapphire tube exhibiting crystalline growth of more than 100 microns into the end cap, and the interface between the sapphire tube and the PCA end cap exhibits peak to peak roughness greater than 40 microns to provide a hermetic seal around the sapphire tube;
at least one electrode hermetically sealed through the end cap to extend between the lamp exterior and the enclosed volume; and
a metal halide fill material enclosed in time interior volume of the sapphire tube, the metal halide fill material capable of being excited to light emission by applied electric power.