Electrically induced vessel vasodilation
The invention provides methods for inducing or increasing the vasodilation of a vessel. The invention further provides methods for inducing or increasing the flow of fluid through a vessel. An electrical impulse is applied to the vessel in order to induce or increase vessel vasodilation or to induce or increase the flow of fluid through the vessel. In a particular embodiment, a novel double-balloon catheter system incorporating electroporation technology has been designed and is used to apply the electrical impulse endoluminally.
1. A method far increasing flow of a fluid medium through a vessel in a subject comprising the steps of:
(a) contracting the interior membrane of said vessel with a plurality of electrodes;
(b) applying to at least a first electrode and a second electrode in said plurality of electrodes at least one electrical impulse of a sufficient voltage to cause the muscles surrounding the tissue comprising a lumen of the vessel to temporarily relax to allow the vessel to dilate and thereby increase the flow of a fluid medium through the vessel, wherein said vessel is selected from the group consisting of a blood vessel and a lymphatic vessel; and
(c) determining that the flow of a fluid medium through said vessel has been increased.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said voltage is between about 50 volts and about 90 volts.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein application of said electrical impulse ranges from about 0.5 milliseconds to about 15 milliseconds.
4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one electrical impulse is multiple electrical impulses.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said vessel is a blood vessel selected from the group consisting of an artery, a vein, and a capillary.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said method is used to treat a vessel that is blocked or narrowed due to a condition selected from the group consisting of restenosis, a blood clot, and constriction or blockage resulting from an external force.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) is performed with a catheter comprising said electrodes.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein said catheter further comprises at least one inflatable balloon and step (a) further comprises inflating said balloon during application of said electrical impulse.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising denuding an endothelial lining of said vessel prior to, simultaneously with, or after applying said electrical impulse.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein application of said at least one electrical impulse occurs without the presence of an exogenous therapeutic composition.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vessel is a lymphatic vessel that is a lymphatic duct.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the vessel is an artery selected from the group consisting of a carotid artery, a coronary artery, an iliac artery, and the aorta.