Cellulose ethers and method of preparing the same
View Patent ↗The present inventors have discovered that the solution rheology of cellulose ethers prepared from cellulose pulp is altered by mercerizing and recovering cellulose pulp before preparing the cellulose ethers. For example, the solution viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produced from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp is significantly greater than that produced from non-mercerized cellulose pulp. The present invention provides a method of preparing cellulose ethers comprising the steps of (a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, and (b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into the cellulose ethers. According to one embodiment, the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft and the mercerized cellulose pulp has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP. This method, however, may be applied to all cellulose pulps, regardless of their viscosities, including those which, when mercerized, have a viscosity greater than 12 cP. The mercerized cellulose pulp is typically substantially free of cellulose III. Mercerized cellulose pulp prepared by this method has a greater percentage of crystalline cellulose II and a smaller crystalline area than that of non-mercerized cellulose pulp. The present invention also provides a method of preparing a cellulose floc comprising the steps of (a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, and (b) treating the mercerized pulp to form the cellulose floc. Alternatively, the method comprises mercerizing and recovering a cellulose floc. Cellulose floc prepared by this method have a greater bulk density than cellulose floc prepared from similar non-mercerized cellulose pulp. Furthermore, the bulk density gain is greater than that expected from the coarseness (weight per unit of fiber length) gain from preparing a cellulose floc.
1. A carboxymethyl cellulose ether prepared by:
(a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp; and
(b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into carboxymethyl cellulose,
wherein the mercerized cellulose pulp in step (a) was mercerized with a cellulose II mercerizing agent, the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft, and the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP.
2. A methyl cellulose ether prepared by:
(a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp; and
(b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into methyl cellulose,
wherein the mercerized cellulose pulp in step (a) was mercerized with a cellulose II mercerizing agent, the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft, and the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP.
3. A nonionic cellulose ether prepared by:
(a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp; and
(b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into a nonionic cellulose ether,
wherein the mercerized cellulose pulp in step (a) was mercerized with a cellulose II mercerizing agent, the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP, and when the cellulose ether prepared is hydroxyethyl cellulose, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has at least one of the following properties:
(i) a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity less than 10.4 cP or greater than 11.2 cP,
(ii) a solubility in 10% sodium hydroxide as determined by ASTM D 1696-95 of greater than 2.3%,
(iii) a solubility in 18% sodium hydroxide as determined by ASTM D 1696-95 of greater than 1.3%,
(iv) not been prehydrolyzed, or
(v) not been bleached with elemental chlorine.
4. An ionic cellulose ether prepared by:
(a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp; and
(b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into an ionic cellulose ether,
wherein the mercerized cellulose pulp in step (a) was mercerized with a cellulose II mercerizing agent, the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft, and the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP.
5. A cellulose floc prepared by:
(a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, and
(b) treating the mercerized pulp to form a cellulose floc,
wherein the cellulose pulp is southern softwood kraft and the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp is substantially free of cellulose III and has a TAPPI 230 om-89 viscosity of at most 12 cP.
6. A cellulose ether derived from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp having at least about 20% by weight of cellulose II, based upon 100% total weight of the crystalline portion of the mercerized cellulose pulp.
7. The cellulose ether of claim 6 , wherein the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp comprises at least about 35% by weight of cellulose II, based upon 100% total weight of the crystalline portion of the mercerized cellulose pulp.
8. The cellulose ether of claim 7 , wherein the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp comprises at least about 60% by weight of cellulose II, based upon 100% total weight of the crystalline portion of the mercerized cellulose pulp.
9. A cellulose ether derived from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp having an Rx value of greater than 0.57.
10. The cellulose ether of claim 9 , wherein the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has an Rx value of greater than 0.60.
11. The cellulose ether of claim 10 , wherein the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has an Rx value of greater than 0.64.
12. The cellulose ether of claim 6 or of claim 9 , wherein the cellulose ether is an ionic cellulose ether or a nonionic cellulose ether.
13. The cellulose ether of claim 12 , wherein the cellulose ether is a carboxymethyl cellulose, a hydroxyethyl cellulose, a hydroxypropyl cellulose, a methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, an ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, a methyl cellulose, or a methyl hydroxy propyl cellulose.
14. The cellulose ether of claim 13 , wherein the cellulose ether is a carboxymethyl cellulose.
15. The cellulose ether of claim 13 , wherein the cellulose ether is a hydroxyethyl cellulose.
16. A cellulose ether derived from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp having a total crystallinity of less than about 60% by weight, based on 100% weight of total cellulose pulp.
17. The cellulose ether of claim 16 , wherein the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp has a total crystallinity of less than about 45% by weight, based on 100% weight of total cellulose pulp.
18. A cellulose ether derived from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp comprising less than 20% by weight of moisture content, based upon 100% total weight of mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp.
19. A cotton linters pulp derived cellulose floc having an average floc length of from 0.25 to 0.50 mm and a floc tap density according to the formula:
Floc Tap Density CLP Floc =m *( AFL ) −0.8043
wherein m ranges from 0.0755 to 0.0835 and AFL is the number average floc length of the cellulose floc.
20. A southern softwood kraft derived cellulose floc having an average floc length of from 0.25 to 0.50 mm and a floc tap density according to the formula:
Floc Tap Density SSK Floc =m *( AFL ) −0.9676
wherein m ranges from 0.0841 to 0.0925 and AFL is the number average floc length of the cellulose floc.
21. A northern softwood sulfite derived cellulose floc having an average floc length of from 0.25 to 0.50 mm and a floc tap density according to the formula:
Floc Tap Density NSS Floc =m *( AFL ) −0.7336
wherein m ranges from 0.0689 to 0.0758 and AFL is the number average floc length of the cellulose floc.