Hollow cathode target and methods of making same
View Patent ↗Sputtering targets and methods of making sputtering targets are described. The method includes the steps of: providing a sputtering metal workpiece made of a valve metal; transverse cold-rolling the sputtering metal workpiece to obtain a rolled workpiece; and cold-working the rolled workpiece to obtain a shaped workpiece. The sputtering targets exhibits a substantially consistent grain structure and/or texture on at least the sidewalls.
1. A sputtering target assembly comprising a sputtering target having sidewalls, and further comprising a top portion made of a non-sputtering or sputter resistant material and attached to the sidewalls of the sputtering target, wherein said sidewalls and said top portion form a hollow cathode target, wherein the top portion is made of a valve metal base material having a strong (100) texture.
2. The sputtering target assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the valve metal base material is a tantalum-base material, a niobium-base material, or both.
3. The sputtering target assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the valve metal base material is a valve metal or alloy thereof having a strong (100) texture.
4. The sputtering target assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the valve metal alloy comprises tantalum and tungsten.
5. The sputtering target assembly of claim 1 , wherein said sidewalls comprise at least one valve metal and said valve metal has
a) a grain size of 5 ASTM or finer;
b) a mixed (111)-(100) global texture; or
c) a uniform grain size wherein the grain size variance is +/−2 ASTM; or combinations thereof.
6. The target of claim 5 , wherein said target has at least two of the three properties.
7. The target of claim 5 , wherein said target has all three properties.
8. The target of claim 5 , wherein said target is at least partially recrystallized.
9. The target of claim 5 , wherein said target is at least 95% recrystallized.
10. The target of claim 5 , wherein said target is fully recrystallized.
11. The target of claim 5 , wherein property a) is present and has a primary (111)-type global texture that is free of sharp, localized bands of (100) texture.
12. The target of claim 5 , wherein property a) is present and said grain size is from about 5 ASTM to about 13 ASTM.
13. The target of claim 5 , wherein property a) is present and said grain size is from about 5 ASTM to about 10 ASTM.
14. The target of claim 5 , wherein property a) is present and said grain size is from about 7 ASTM to about 9 ASTM.
15. The sputtering target assembly of claim 5 , wherein said valve metal is tantalum or an alloy thereof.
16. The sputtering target assembly of claim 5 , wherein said valve metal is niobium or an alloy thereof.
17. The sputtering target assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an outer shell made of non-sputtering material attached to said sidewalls and said top portion.
18. The sputtering target assembly according to claim 17 , wherein the outer shell is made of a non-hydriding material.
19. The sputtering target assembly according to claim 18 , wherein the outer shell comprises aluminum, copper, or both.