Free radical retrograde precipitation polymer dispersions
View Patent ↗The present invention is directed to a dispersion of polymer particles in a dispersing medium. The polymer particles each contain an average of more than two living radicals that are not chemically protected. The present invention is also directed to a free radical precipitation process involving combining at least one monomer in at least one solvent; dispersing said monomer solvent mixture in a dispersing medium that is non-miscible with the first solvent, using a surfactant, stabilizer or mixture thereof; initiating polymerization with at least one free-radical generating agent and conversion, to produce polymer particles containing radicals trapped by precipitation by virtue of being above the lower critical solution temperature of the system; and removing the precipitating agent either during or after free-radical generation to form a dispersion polymer in the dispersing medium having living, trapped radicals.
1. A dispersion comprising polymer particles dispersed in a dispersion medium, wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 2 living radicals in each polymer particle, and wherein said living radicals are not chemically protected or capped, and wherein said polymer particles have an average particle size of from 10 to 5000 nanometers.
2. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 3 living radicals in each polymer particle.
3. The dispersion of claim 2 wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 5 living radicals in each polymer particle.
4. The dispersion of claim 3 wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 20 living radicals in each polymer particle.
5. The dispersion of claim 4 wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 100 living radicals in each polymer particle.
6. The dispersion of claim 5 wherein said polymer particles each contain on average greater than 1000 living radicals in each polymer particle.
7. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein said polymer particles have an average particle size of from 10 to 500 nanometers.
8. The dispersion of claim 7 wherein said polymer particles have an average particle size of from 20 to 150 nanometers.
9. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein said polymer particles have an unimodal particle size distribution.
10. The dispersion of claim 1 wherein said dispersion medium comprises water.