Porous metallic scaffold for tissue ingrowth
The invention relates to implantable medical devices, particularly, to porous structures for such devices. In one aspect, the invention provides a porous metal scaffold comprising a porous metal network having pores defined by metal webs, the metal webs covered with at least one layer of metal particles bonded to the metal webs. In other aspects, the invention provides methods of forming porous scaffolds. In one such aspect, the method includes providing a polymer foam; forming a skin of biocompatible metal on the polymer foam by low temperature arc vapor deposition; and heating the polymer foam and the metal skin above the decomposition temperature of the polymer foam in an inert gas atmosphere; thereby the polymer foam decomposes producing a green metal foam. In yet other aspects, the invention provides methods of improving stability of porous scaffolds.
1. A porous metal scaffold for use in an implantable medical device comprising:
a porous biocompatible metal network having an open cell structure wherein the openings of each cell are defined by webs with a metal skin surrounding an empty core, the metal skin having a porous layer of biocompatible metal particles, the metal particles are bonded to the metal skin and other particles, the particle covered webs defining each cell having a pore size of 100 to 1000 μm for tissue ingrowth, the porous layer of metal particles including portions having a diameter of 40 to 80 microns.
2. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the metal skin surrounding the empty core has openings therein.
3. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the metal of the metal skin and metal particles are selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloy, cobalt chrome alloy, niobium and tantalum.
4. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the final pore volume of the metal scaffold is 50% to 90%.
5. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the porous metal network has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
6. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the webs form a continuous metal skeleton of the porous metal scaffold.
7. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 1 wherein the porous layer of metal particles has neck portions extending between adjacent particles.
8. A porous metal scaffold for use in an implantable medical device comprising:
a porous biocompatible metal network having an open cell structure wherein the openings of each cell are defined by webs with a metal skin surrounding an empty core, the metal skin having at least one porous layer of biocompatible metal particles, the metal particles are bonded to the metal skin and other particles, the porous metal network defined by the metal skin covered by the porous layer of metal particles exhibit a pore size of 100 to 1000 μm for tissue ingrowth, each cell having a profile formed by surfaces of the porous layer of bonded particles having portions between 40 to 80 μm in diameter.
9. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the metal skin surrounding the empty core has openings therein.
10. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the metal of the metal skin and metal particles are selected from the group consisting of titanium, titanium alloy, cobalt chrome alloy, niobium and tantalum.
11. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the final pore volume of the metal scaffold is 50% to 90%.
12. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the porous metal network has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm.
13. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the webs form a continuous metal skeleton of the porous metal scaffold.
14. The porous metal scaffold as set forth in claim 8 wherein the web surface covered by particles has neck portions extending between adjacent particles.