Desulfurization compositions
View Patent ↗A composition comprising manganese oxide and a promoter, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.
1. A composition consisting of:
(a) manganese oxide;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof;
(d) a promoter
wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, silver, tin, antimony, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, palladium, and combinations of any two or more thereof; and
wherein said composition has been reduced with a suitable reducing agent under suitable conditions so that at least a portion of said promoter is present as a zero valence promoter, and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said manganese oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 10 to about 90 weight percent.
3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said manganese oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 40 to about 80 weight percent.
4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said manganese oxide is present in an amount in the range of from 50 to 70 weight percent.
5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 60 weight percent.
6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent.
7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from 8 to 20 weight percent.
8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent.
9. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 12 to about 30 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent.
10. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 13 to 20 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 10 to 20 weight percent.
11. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
12. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter comprises cobalt.
13. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in the form of expanded perlite.
14. A composition in accordance with claim 13 wherein said expanded perlite is milled.
15. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said composition is a particulate in the form of one of granules, extrudates, tablets, spheres, pellets, or microspheres.
16. A composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein said particulate is a microsphere.
17. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said suitable conditions comprise a temperature in the range of from about 100° F. to about 1500° F. and at a pressure in the range of from about 15 to 1500 psia for a time sufficient to permit the formation of a zero valence promoter.