Process of diverting stimulation fluids
View Patent ↗A process for stimulating a formation is disclosed wherein a diverting fluid is used to divert an acid treatment package from a high permeability or damaged portion of a formation to a low permeability or undamaged portion of a formation. The fluid preferably forms vesicles.
1. A process of diverting stimulation fluids from high permeability or non-damaged intervals to low permeability or damaged intervals, which comprises injecting into a formation a diverting fluid and thereby blocking the high permeability or non-damaged intervals, the diverting fluid comprising vesicles and an internal breaker capable of reducing the viscosity of the diverting fluid after a period of time, wherein the injection is carried out at a pressure lower than the fracture pressure of the formation.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vesicles are larger than 100 Å.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the vesicles have a diameter of between about 200 Å and about 50 microns.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the vesicles comprise a surfactant.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a double-tailed surfactant, a cationic/anionic surfactant mixture, or mixtures thereof.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vesicles further comprise a non-aqueous solvent.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the vesicles are unilamellar, multilamellar, or both.
8. A process of diverting stimulation fluids from high permeability or non-damaged intervals to low permeability or damaged intervals, comprising injecting into a formation a diverting fluid comprising lecithin, water, and a non-aqueous solvent, and further wherein the injection is carried out at a pressure lower than the fracture pressure of the formation.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the diverting fluid forms vesicles.
10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the water is fresh water or sea water.
11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the water comprises a salt.
12. The process of claim 8 , wherein the lecithin comprises phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyllinositol, or mixtures thereof.
13. The process of claim 8 , wherein the lecithin comprises a chemically or enzymatically modified lecithin.
14. The process of claim 8 , wherein the percentage of lecithin present within the diverting fluid is between about 1 and about 50 percent, based on the weight of the fluid.
15. The process of claim 8 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol, a mineral oil, an organic oil, a fatty acid, an ether, a glycol ether or a mixture thereof.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises an alcohol, and further wherein the alcohol is linear, branched, or cyclic.
18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the percentage of non-aqueous solvent present within the diverting fluid is between about 0.1 and about 25 percent, based on the weight of the fluid.
19. The process of claim 8 , wherein the diverting fluid further comprises an internal breaker.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein the internal breaker is an acid-forming compound or oxidizer.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the internal breaker comprises an acid-forming compound and wherein the acid-forming compound comprises an organic acid, an inorganic acid, an ester, an anhydride, an acid halide, a polyglycolic acid, or a mixture thereof.
22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the acid-forming compound comprises methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, butyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl acetate, ethylene glycol diacetate, acetic anhydride, acetic formic anhydride, succinic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride, chloroethyl formate, chloroethyl acetate, polyglycolic acid or a mixture thereof.
23. The process of claim 21 , wherein the percentage of acid-forming compound present within the diverting fluid is between about 0.005 and about 10 percent, based on the weight of the fluid.
24. The process of claim 20 , wherein the oxidizer comprises a peroxidizer or a persulfate.
25. The process of claim 9 , wherein the vesicles are larger than 100 Å.
26. The process of claim 25 wherein the vesicles have a diameter of between about 200 Å and about 50 microns.
27. The process of claim 9 , wherein the vesicles are unilamellar, multilamellar, or both.
28. The process of claim 5 , wherein the surfactant comprises an amphoteric surfactant and further wherein the percentage of amphoteric surfactant present within the diverting fluid is between from about 1 to about 50 percent, based on the weight of the fluid.
29. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diverting fluid further comprises a non-aqueous solvent.