Heteropolymeric triplexes containing watson-crick triplets
Triplex complexes contain a single-stranded probe bound to a double-stranded nucleic acid target, in which the probe includes a heteropolymeric nucleic acid or a heteropolymeric nucleic acid analog. All base triplets of the complex are members selected from the group consisting of A-T-A, T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, A-U-A, U-A-U, G-C-G and C-G-C. A cation-facilitated assay includes detecting the presence of such triplex complexes to determine the degree of complementarity between the probe and target sequence. The assay preferably detects a change in fluorescent intensity of a label as a function of binding affinity between the probe and target. The label can be covalently tethered to the probe or to the target, or can be an intercalating fluorophore in the reaction medium.
1. A Watson-Crick triplex complex comprising a single-stranded probe bound to a double-stranded nucleic acid target, wherein: (a) said probe comprises a heteropolymeric nucleic acid or a heteropolymeric nucleic acid analog, (b) said triplex complex comprises base triplets, (c) all said base triplets of said complex are members selected from the group consisting of A-T-A, T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, A-U-A, U-A-U, G-C-G and C-G-C, (d) at least one of said base triplets is A-T-A, A-U-A or G-C-G, (e) at least one other of said base triplets is T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, U-A-U or C-G-C, and (f) the triplex complex is isolated, the triplex complex is purified, the probe is synthetic and/or the target is synthetic.
2. The complex of claim 1 , wherein a pH of a medium in which said complex is present is greater than 7.6.
3. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said single-stranded probe is 5 to 30 bases long and said double-stranded nucleic acid target is 8 to 3.3×10 9 base pairs long.
4. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said target sequence contains 25% to 75% purin bases and 75% to 25% pyrimidine bases in any order.
5. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said probe is covalently bound to a double-stranded nucleic acid cleaving agent.
6. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said probe is covalently bound to a chemotherapeutic agent.
7. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said probe is covaleatly bound to a label.
8. The complex of claim 7 , wherein said label is a multi-molecule signaling complex, a redox pair, a chemiluminescent agent or an electrochemiluminescent agent.
9. The complex of claim 7 , wherein said label is a fluorophore.
10. The complex of claim 9 , wherein a fluorescent intensity of said complex is directly correlated with a binding affinity between said probe and said target sequence.
11. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said triplex complex further comprises at least one base pair mismatch between said single-stranded probe and said double-stranded target.
12. The complex of claim 1 , wherein said triplex complex further comprises 1 to 3 base pair mismatches between said single-stranded probe and said double-stranded target.
13. A Watson-Crick triplex complex comprising a single-stranded probe bound to a double-stranded nucleic acid target, wherein: (a) said probe comprises a heteropolymeric nucleic acid or a heteropolymeric nucleic acid analog; (b) said triplex complex comprises base triplets; (c) all said base triplets of said complex are members selected from the group consisting of A-T-A, T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, A-U-A, U-A-U, G-C-G and C-G-C; (d) at least one of said base triplets is A-T-A, A-U-A or G-C-G; (e) at least one other of said base triplets is T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, U-A-U or C-G-C; (f) said single-stranded probe is 5 to 30 bases long; (g) said double-stranded nucleic acid target is 8 to 3.3×10 9 base pairs long; and (h) the triplex complex is isolated, the triplex complex is purified, the probe is synthetic and/or the target is synthetic.
14. The complex of claim 13 , wherein the complex is prepared by a process comprising contacting the probe with the target in the presence of a cation.
15. A Watson-Crick triplex complex comprising a single-stranded probe bound to a double-stranded nucleic acid target, wherein: (a) said target contains a target sequence containing at least one purine base and at least one pyrimidine base; (b) said probe comprises a heteropolymeric nucleic acid or a heteropolymeric nucleic acid analog sequence at least partially complementary to said target sequence, and containing at least one purine base and at least one pyrimidine base; (c) said triplex complex further comprises base triplets; (d) all said base triplets of said complex are members selected from the group consisting of A-T-A, T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, A-U-A, U-A-U, G-C-G and C-G-C; (e) at least one of said base triplets is A-T-A, A-U-A or G-C-G; (f) at least one other of said base triplets is T-A-T, U-A-T, T-A-U, U-A-U or C-G-C; (g) the complex is prepared by a process comprising contacting the probe with the target in the presence of a cation; and (h) the triplex complex is isolated, the triplex complex is purified, the probe is synthetic and/or the target is synthetic.
16. The complex of claim 15 , wherein said single-stranded probe is 5 to 30 bases long and said double-stranded nucleic acid target is 8 to 3.3×10 9 base pairs long.