Pharmaceutically active compounds and methods of use

1. A compound of the following Formula I:

wherein:

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, thio, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted dialkylamino, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

each R 6 is independently a hydrogen or a metabolically cleavable group, wherein each R 6 can be different or the same for any particular compound;

R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxyl, or together may represent a carbonyl oxygen;

wherein said heteroalicyclic is a monovalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 heteroatoms within the ring or rings selected from the group of heteroatoms consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen; and

wherein said heteroaromatic is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, aromatic group, which can optionally be fused to an aryl or substituted aryl ring or fused to a second or third heteroaromatic group;

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

2. A compound of the following Formula II:

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, thio, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted dialkylamino, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

each R 6 is independently a hydrogen or a metabolically cleavable group, wherein each R 6 can be the same or different for a given compound;

R 7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, or optionally substituted alkynyl, or R 7 is taken together with R 5 and forms a five, six, or seven-membered carbon alicyclic or heteroalicyclic ring;

R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; and

R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxyl, or together may represent a carbonyl oxygen;

wherein said heteroalicyclic is a monovalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 heteroatoms within the ring or rings selected from the group of heteroatoms consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen; and

wherein said heteroaromatic ring is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, aromatic group, which can optionally be fused to an aryl or substituted aryl ring or fused to a second or third heteroaromatic group;

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

3. A compound of the following Formula III:

wherein:

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, thio, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted dialkylamino, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

each R 6 is independently a hydrogen or a metabolically cleavable group, wherein each R 6 can be the same or different for a given compound;

R 7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, or optionally substituted alkynyl, or R 7 is taken together with R 5 and forms a five, six, or seven-membered carbon alicyclic or heteroalicyclic ring;

R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; and

R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxyl, or together may represent a carbonyl oxygen;

wherein said heteroalicyclic is a monovalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 heteroatoms within the ring or rings selected from the group of heteroatoms consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen; and

wherein said heteroaromatic is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, aromatic group, which can optionally be fused to an aryl or substituted aryl ring or fused to a second or third heteroaromatic group;

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

4. A compound of the following Formula IV:

wherein:

R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, amino, nitro, thio, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted alkylamino, optionally substituted dialkylamino, optionally substituted alkylthio, optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl, optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl, optionally substituted alkanoyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

R 5 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroalicyclic or heteroaromatic;

each R 6 is independently a hydrogen or a metabolically cleavable group, wherein each R 6 can be either the same or different for a given compound;

R 7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, or optionally substituted alkynyl, or R 7 is taken together with R 5 and forms a five, six, or seven-membered carbon alicyclic or heteroalicyclic ring;

R 8 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; and

wherein said heteroalicyclic is a monovalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 heteroatoms within the ring or rings selected from the group of heteroatoms consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen; and

wherein said heteroaromatic is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, aromatic group, which can optionally be fused to an aryl or substituted aryl ring or fused to a second or third heteroaromatic group;

R 9 and R 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxyl, or together may represent a carbonyl oxygen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

5. A compound of Formula V:

wherein in Formula V:

X and X 1 are independently H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted carbocyclic aryl, nitro, halogen, or isotopic analogues thereof,

X 2 is amino, substituted amino, disubstituted amino or acylated amine;

wherein said heteroalicyclic is a monovalent saturated or unsaturated carbocyclic group having a single ring or multiple condensed rings, from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and from 1 to 5 heteroatoms within the ring or rings selected from the group of heteroatoms consisting of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen; and

wherein said heteroaromatic is a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic, aromatic group, which can optionally be fused to an aryl or substituted aryl ring or fused to a second or third heteroaromatic group;

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

6. A compound that is:

1-amino-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (1);

1-amino-5-chloro-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (2);

1-amino-5-methyl-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (3);

1-amino-4,5-dichloro-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (4);

1-amino-4,5-dimethyl-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (5);

1-amino-5-ethyl-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (6);

1-amino-5-propyl-8H-indeno[1,2-c]thiophen-8-one (7);

3-aminonaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (8);

3-amino-6-chloronaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (9);

3-amino-6-methylnaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (10);

3-amino-6,7-dichloronaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (11);

3-amino-6,7-dimethyl-naphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (12);

3-amino-6-ethylnaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (13);

3-amino-6-propylnaphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (14);

1-amino-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (36);

1-amino-7-methyl-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (37);

1-amino-5-methyl-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (38);

1-amino-7-chloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (39);

1-amino-5-chloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (40);

1-amino-6,7-dichloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (41);

1-amino-5,6-dichloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (42);

1-amino-4-chloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (43);

1-amino-6-chloro-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (44);

1-amino-4-methyl-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (4S);

1-amino-6-methyl-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (46);

1-amino-6-ethyl-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (47);

1-amino-4-methoxy-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (48);

1-amino-5-methoxy-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (49);

1-amino-7-methoxy-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (50);

1-amino-6-methoxy-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (51);

3-amino-6-chloro-naphtho[2,3-c]thiophen-4(9H)-one (52);

3-amino-8-chloro-naphtho[2,3-c]thiophene-4(9H)-one (53); or

1,6-diamino-2-thia-cyclopenta[a]inden-8-one (54); or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

7. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and one or more compounds of any one of claims 1 through 6 .

8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 7 wherein the one or more compounds are packaged together with instructions for use of the one or more compounds to treat neuropathic pain.