Method of producing lipids by growing microorganisms of the order thraustochyriales
View Patent ↗Disclosed is a process for growing the microflora Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium , and mixtures thereof, which includes the growing of the microflora in fermentation medium containing non-chloride containing sodium salts, in particular sodium sulfate. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process produces microflora having a cell aggregate size useful for the production of food products for use in aquaculture. Further disclosed is a food product which includes Thraustochytrium, Schizochytrium , and mixtures thereof, and a component selected from flaxseed, rapeseed, soybean and avocado meal. Such a food product includes a balance of long chain and short chain omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. In an embodiment, lipids are produced by growing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales in a medium and extracting the lipids.
1. A method for producing lipids comprising:
a) growing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales in a fermentation medium; and
b) extracting lipids from said microorganisms wherein at least about 49% of the total fatty acids of said lipids are omega-3 fatty acids;
wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of at least about 5.5 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 25° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of from 5.5 to 8.5 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 25° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of from 6.6 to 8.5 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 25° C in a flask on an orbital shaker.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said conditions are achieved by inoculating a 250 ml flask having 50 ml of M-5 media adjusted to pH 7.0 with 1–2 ml of a culture having said microorganisms in exponential growth phase, and shaking said flask at 200 rpm on an orbital shaker for 22.75 hours.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein about 20% or less of the total fatty acids in said lipids are omega-6 fatty acids.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in said lipids is about 7.07 or less.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 64.5% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 86% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of EPA to DHA in said lipids is from about 1:1 to about 1:30.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of DPA to DHA in said lipids is at least about 1:12.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total fatty acid composition in said lipids comprises about 5% or less of C20:4w6 fatty acid.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have a sterol content of at least about 0.1% ash-free dry weight.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have a cholesterol content of at least about 15% of the total sterol content.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have at least 7.8% by weight of total fatty acids as C20:5w3.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have at least 68% by weight of total fatty acids as omega-3 fatty acids.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have more than 25% by weight of total fatty acids as omega-6 fatty acids.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have at least 94% by weight of total omega-3 fatty acids as C22:6n-3.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have at least 28% by weight of total omega-3 fatty acids as C20:5n-3.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lipids have at least 61% by weight of total fatty acids as C22:6n-3.
20. A method for producing lipids comprising:
a) growing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales in a fermentation medium; and
b) extracting lipids from said microorganisms wherein at least about 49of the total fatty acids of said lipids are omega-3 fatty acids;
wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of at least about 6.0 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 30° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of from 6.0 to 9.4 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 30° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein said microorganisms have exponential growth rates of from 7.3 to 9.4 doublings per day when grown under the following conditions: exponential phase of growth in M-5 media at 30° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein said conditions are achieved by inoculating a 250 ml flask having 50 ml of M-5 media adjusted to pH 7.0 with 1–2 ml of a culture having said microorganisms in exponential growth phase, and shaking said flask at 200 rpm on an orbital shaker for 22.75 hours.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein about 20% or less of total fatty acids in said lipids are omega-6 fatty acids.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the ratio of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in said lipids is about 7.07 or less.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least about 64.5% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
27. The method of claim 20 , wherein at least about 86% of omega-3 fatty acids in said lipids is DHA.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the ratio of EPA to DHA in said lipids is from about 1:1 to about 1:30.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the ratio of DPA to DHA in said lipids is at least about 1:12.
30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the total fatty acid composition in said lipids comprises about 5% or less of C20:4w6 fatty acid.
31. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have a sterol content of at least about 0.1% ash-free dry weight.
32. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have a cholesterol content of at least about 15% of the total sterol content.
33. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have at least 7.8% by weight of total fatty acids as C20:5w3.
34. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have at least 68% by weight of total fatty acids as omega-3 fatty acids.
35. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have more than 25% by weight of total fatty acids as omega-6 fatty adds.
36. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have at least 94% by weight of total omega-3 fatty acids as C22:6n-3.
37. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have at least 28% by weight of total omega-3 fatty acids as C20:5n-3.
38. The method of claim 20 , wherein said lipids have at least 61% by weight of total fatty acids as C22:6n-3.
39. A method for producing lipids comprising:
a) growing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales in an M-5 fermentation medium at 25° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker to provide an exponential growth rate of at least about 5.5 doublings per day; and
b) extracting lipids from said microorganisms.
40. A method for producing lipids comprising:
a) growing microorganisms of the order Thraustochytriales in an M-5 fermentation medium at 30° C. in a flask on an orbital shaker to provide an exponential growth rate of at least about 6.0 doublings per day; and
b) extracting lipids from said microorganisms.