Cosmetic formulations of quaternary ammonium compounds free of short-chain alcohols
View Patent ↗Cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical compositions containing quaternary ammonium compounds, particularly for hair-treatment, require low setting points, good solubility and dispersibility in aqueous media and a low flash point. It has now been found that such compositions can be formulated with quaternary ammonium compounds essentially free of short-chain alcohols such as isopropanol. The novel composition comprises: a) at least one quaternary ammonium compound and b) at least one branched alcohol having 8 to 36 carbon atoms or a mixture of at least one branched alcohol and at least one unbranched alcohol having 8 to 36 carbon atoms.
1. A composition comprising
a) 30 to 90% by weight based on the composition of a quaternary ammonium compound according to formula (1)
where
R 1 is an unbranched or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms, a group R 5 CONH(CH 2 ) n — or a group R 5 COO(CH 2 ) n —, where R 5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 8, and
R 2 , R 3 and R 4 , independently of one another, may be identical or different and are a —CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, CH 2 CH 2 OH or CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH group, and
X − is an anion, and
b) at least one branched alcohol b1) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms or a mixture of at least one branched alcohol b1) and at least one unbranched alcohol b2) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, wherein the composition is essentially free of polyhydric alcohols having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which comprises, as component b), a mixture of at least one branched alcohol b1) and at least one unbranched alcohol b2).
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium compound a) is a (C 12 -C 36 )-alkyltrimethylammonium compound.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the anion X − in formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of chloride, iodide, bromide, methosulfate, hydrogensulfate, lactate, citrate, and mixtures thereof.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium compound a) is behenyltrimethylammonium chloride.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of alcohol b), based on the finished composition, is 10 to 70% by weight.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of branched alcohol b1) to unbranched alcohol b2) is 90:10 to 10:90.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the branched alcohol b1) and the unbranched alcohol b2) each have 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the branched alcohol b1) is selected from Guerbet alcohols of consisting, 2-methyl-1-decanol, 2-ethyl-1-nonanol, 2-propyl-1-octanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-butyldecanol, 2-hexyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-octyldecanol, 2-hexyldodecanol, 2-octyldodecanol, 2-decyltetradecanol, 2-butyl-1-heptanol, 2-dodecylhexadecanol, tetradecyloctadecanol, 2-tetradecyleicosanol, 2-hexadecyloctadecanol, 2-hexadecyleicosanol, 2-methyltridecanol, 2-ethyldodecanol, 2-propylundecanol, 2-pentylnonanol, 2-heptylheptanol, 2-methyltetradecanol, 2-ethyltridecanol, 2-propyldodecanol, 2-butylundecanol, 2-pentyldecanol, 2-hexylnonanol, 2-heptyloctanol, isotridecyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unbranched alcohol b2) is a fatty alcohol selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, eicosanyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, nonanol, undecanol, tridecanol, pentadecanol , heptadecanol and mixtures thereof.
11. The composition of claim 1 , which further comprises, based on the composition, less than 5% by weight of unbranched or branched monoalcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a setting point below 100° C.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a flash point above 80° C.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which is in the form of pellets, flakes, extrudates, pastes, compacts, powders, emulsions or dispersions.
15. A process for the preparation of the composition of claim 1 , which comprises preparing a mixture comprising
i) at least one quaternary ammonium compound a), optionally containing a branched or unbranched monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
ii) at least one branched alcohol b1) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms or a mixture of at least one branched alcohol b1) and at least one unbranched alcohol b2) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms, and
iii) optionally at least one unbranched or branched monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
16. A process for the preparation of the composition of claim 1 , which comprises alkylating
i) at least one tertiary amine NR 1 R 2 R 3 , where R 1 is an unbranched or branched alkyl or alkenyl group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms, a group R 6 CONH(CH 2 ) n — or a group R 6 COO(CH 2 ) n —, where R 6 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 12 to 36 carbon atoms and n is a number from 1 to 8, and R 2 and R 3 , independently of one another, may be identical or different and are —CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH 2 (OH), by
ii) at least one alkylating agent chosen from
a) R 4 X, where R 4 is —CH 3 —, CH 3 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 —, CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 — or —CH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 (OH), and X is Cl, I, Br, OSO 3 H or methosulfate, and/or
b) ethylene oxide and an acid HX, where X is Cl, I, Br, OSO 3 H, citrate or lactate,
in the presence of
iii) at least one branched alcohol b1) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms or a mixture of at least one branched alcohol b1) and one unbranched alcohol b2) having 8 to 36 carbon atoms and
iv) optionally at least one unbranched or branched monoalcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
17. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium compounds a), based on the finished composition, is 40 to 80% by weight.
18. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of quaternary ammonium compound a) is 45 to 75% by weight of the composition.
19. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium compound a) is a (C 14 -C 30 )-alkyltrimethylammonium compound.
20. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quaternary ammonium compound a) is a (C 18 -C 24 )-alkyltrimethylammonium compound.
21. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the anion X − in formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of chloride, methosulfate, and mixtures thereof.
22. The composition as claimed in at least one of claims 1 , wherein the component b) is 20 to 60% by weight of the composition.
23. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of component b) is 25 to 50% by weight of the composition.
24. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of branched alcohol b1) to unbranched alcohol b2) is 70:30 to 30:70.
25. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of branched alcohol b1) to unbranched alcohol b2) is 60:40 to 40:60.
26. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the branched alcohol b1) and the unbranched alcohol b2) each have 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
27. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the branched alcohol b1) and the unbranched alcohol b2) each have 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
28. The composition of claim 1 , which comprises, based on the finished composition less than 1% by weight of unbranched or branched monoalcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
29. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a setting point below 95° C.
30. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a setting point below 90° C.
31. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a setting point below 85° C.
32. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , which has a flash point above 100° C.
33. A cosmetic preparation comprising the composition of claim 1 .
34. A dermatological preparation comprising the composition of claim 1 .
35. A pharmaceutical preparation comprising the composition of claim 1 .
36. A hair-treatment composition comprising the composition of claim 1 .
37. The hair-treatment composition as defined in claim 36 in the form of shampoos, rinse-off hair conditioners, cream rinses, clear rinses, hair cures, hair colorants, hair tints, permanent waving compositions, or hair gels.
38. The hair-treatment composition as defined in claim 36 in aerosol form, spray form or fluid form.