Integrated upstream amplifier for cable modems and cable set-top boxes
View Patent ↗An upstream amplifier is integrated on a substrate with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to form an integrated circuit. In an embodiment, a low-pass filter is also integrated on the substrate. The output signal level of the upstream amplifier is controllable. In embodiments, fine adjustments are made to the output signal level of the upstream amplifier by varying a bias current of the DAC. A software control bit is used to switch between a power-on mode of operation and a power-down mode of operation. The upstream amplifier transmits in a burst mode. The power consumption of the upstream amplifier scales with the amplifier's output signal level. A high degree of matching is attained between the positive and negative paths of the upstream amplifier. This provides high immunity from common-mode disturbances such as substrate noise, clock spurs, and glitches caused by a gain change.
1. An integrated circuit for a cable modem or a cable set-top box system, comprising:
a substrate;
a digital-to-analog converter disposed on the substrate; and
an upstream current mode amplifier disposed on the substrate, the upstream current mode amplifier being electrically coupled to the digital-to-analog converter, including
an internal amplifier coupled to the digital-to-analog converter;
a level shifter coupled to an input port of the internal amplifier; and
a switch used to couple the level shifter to a voltage source or to a current sink to ground.
2. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter generates an analog current signal.
3. The integrated circuit of claim 2 , wherein the analog current signal is converted to a voltage signal and used to drive the upstream current mode amplifier.
4. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein a gain of the upstream current mode amplifier is variable.
5. The integrated circuit of claim 4 , wherein the gain of the upstream current mode amplifier is digitally controlled.
6. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein an output power level of the upstream current mode amplifier is varied by changing a bias current of the digital-to-analog converter.
7. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein an output power level of the upstream current mode amplifier is varied by scaling a digital input value to the digital-to-analog converter.
8. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier has a power-on mode of operation and a power-down mode of operation, and a software control bit is used to switch between the power-on mode of operation and the power-down mode of operation.
9. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier operates in a burst mode.
10. The integrated circuit of claim 1 ,
wherein the upstream amplifier produces an output current proportional to an input current when the switch couples the level shifter to the current sink to ground, and wherein the output current is turned off when the switch couples the level shifter to the voltage source.
11. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier comprises:
a plurality of switched current mirrors.
12. The integrated circuit of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the plurality of switched current mirrors is always enabled during an output burst-on state of the upstream current mode amplifier.
13. The integrated circuit of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of switched current mirrors are controlled using a thermometer code.
14. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein an input signal is coupled to a diode-connected transistor.
15. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein a portion of a bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier is provided by the digital-to-analog converter.
16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier scales along with an output current of the digital-to-analog converter.
17. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is a type class-A amplifier.
18. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is a type class-AB amplifier.
19. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier power consumption scales with the upstream amplifier output level.
20. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of switched current sources, wherein the plurality of switched current sources are used to adjust a bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier.
21. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter is differential.
22. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is differential.
23. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier includes electrostatic discharge protection on an input port of the amplifier.
24. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier includes electrostatic discharge protection on an output port of the amplifier.
25. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a low-pass filter coupled between the digital-to-analog converter and the upstream current mode amplifier.
26. The integrated circuit of claim 25 , wherein the filter is disposed on the substrate.
27. The integrated circuit of claim 25 , wherein the filter is a first-order filter.
28. The integrated circuit of claim 25 , wherein the filter consists of resistors and capacitors.
29. The integrated circuit of claim 25 , wherein the filter has a current input and a current output.
30. The integrated circuit of claim 25 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter is operated at a sampling rate greater than 150 MHz.
31. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first resistor and a second resistor disposed on the substrate, the first resistor coupled between a first output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and a voltage source, and the second resistor coupled between a second output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and the voltage source.
32. The integrated circuit of claim 31 , wherein the first resistor and the second resistor each have a nominal value of between 37 Ohms and 120 Ohms.
33. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
a resistor coupled between a first output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and a second output port of the upstream current mode amplifier.
34. The integrated circuit of claim 33 , wherein the first resistor has a nominal value of between 74 Ohms and 240 Ohms.
35. The integrated circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter disposed on the substrate.
36. A system for communicating information, comprising:
an integrated circuit having a substrate;
a digital-to-analog converter disposed on the substrate;
an upstream current mode amplifier disposed on the substrate, the upstream current mode amplifier coupled to the digital-to-analog converter; and
a transformer having a first tap and a second tap, the first tap being coupled to a first output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and the second tap being coupled to a second output port of the upstream current mode amplifier, and
wherein the upstream current mode amplifier comprises a plurality of switched current mirrors that receive power from a voltage source through a center tap of the transformer.
37. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
a first resistor and a second resistor, the first resistor coupled between the first output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and a voltage source, and the second resistor coupled between the second output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and the voltage source.
38. The system of claim 37 , wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are disposed on the substrate.
39. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
a resistor coupled between a first output port of the upstream current mode amplifier and a second output port of the upstream current mode amplifier.
40. The system of claim 39 , wherein the resistor is disposed on the substrate.
41. The system of claim 36 , wherein the transformer has a nominal turns ratio of less than two-to-one.
42. The system of claim 41 , wherein the transformer has a nominal turns ratio of 1-to-1.
43. The system of claim 41 , wherein the transformer has a nominal turns ratio of 1.5-to-1.
44. The system of claim 36 , wherein the center tap of the transformer is coupled to a first end of a third resistor, and a second end of the third resistor is coupled to the voltage source.
45. The system of claim 36 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter generates an analog current signal.
46. The system of claim 45 , wherein the analog current signal is converted to a voltage signal and used to drive the upstream current mode amplifier.
47. The system of claim 36 , wherein a gain of the upstream current mode amplifier is variable.
48. The integrated circuit of claim 47 , wherein the gain of the upstream current mode amplifier is digitally controlled.
49. The system of claim 36 , wherein an output power level of the upstream current mode amplifier is varied by changing a bias current of the digital-to-analog converter.
50. The system of claim 36 , wherein an output power level of the upstream current mode amplifier is varied by scaling a digital input value to the digital-to-analog converter.
51. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier has a power-on mode of operation and a power-down mode of operation, and a software control bit is used to switch between the power-on mode of operation and the power-down mode of operation.
52. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier operates in a burst mode.
53. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier comprises:
an internal amplifier;
a level shifter coupled to an input port of the current mode amplifier; and
a switch used to couple the level shifter to a voltage source or to a current sink to ground, wherein the upstream current mode amplifier produces an output current proportional to an input current when the switch couples the level shifter to the current sink to ground, and wherein the output current is turned off when the switch couples the level shifter to the voltage source.
54. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier comprises:
a plurality of switched current mirrors.
55. The system of claim 54 , wherein at least one of the plurality of switched current mirrors is always enabled during an output burst-on state of the upstream current mode amplifier.
56. The system of claim 54 , wherein the plurality of switched current mirrors are controlled using a thermometer code.
57. The system of claim 36 , wherein an input signal is coupled to a diode-connected transistor.
58. The system of claim 36 , wherein a portion of a bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier is provided by the digital-to-analog converter.
59. The system of claim 58 , wherein the bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier scales along with an output current of the digital-to-analog converter.
60. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is a type class-A amplifier.
61. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is a type class-AB amplifier.
62. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier power consumption scales with the upstream current mode amplifier output level.
63. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
a plurality of switched current sources, wherein the plurality of switched current sources are used to adjust a bias current of the upstream current mode amplifier.
64. The system of claim 36 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter is differential.
65. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier is differential.
66. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier includes electrostatic discharge protection on an input port of the amplifier.
67. The system of claim 36 , wherein the upstream current mode amplifier includes electrostatic discharge protection on an output port of the amplifier.
68. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
a low-pass filter coupled between the digital-to-analog converter and the upstream current mode amplifier.
69. The system of claim 68 , wherein the filter is disposed on the substrate.
70. The system of claim 68 , wherein the filter is a first-order filter.
71. The system of claim 68 , wherein the filter consists of resistors and capacitors.
72. The system of claim 68 , wherein the filter has a current input and a current output.
73. The system of claim 36 , wherein the digital-to-analog converter is operated at a sampling rate greater than 150 MHz.
74. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
an analog-to-digital converter disposed on the substrate.
75. The system of claim 36 , further comprising:
a diplexer coupled to an output port of the transformer.
76. The system of claim 75 , wherein a port of the diplexer is coupled to a communications means.
77. The system of claim 76 , wherein the communications means is a coaxial cable.