Radio-frequency ablation system and method using multiple electrodes
Efficient ablation with multiple electrodes is obtained by rapidly switching electric power to the electrodes. In this way, shielding effects caused by the field around each electrode which would otherwise create cool spots, are avoided. Complex inter-electrode current flows are also avoided.
1. A method of non-microwave ablation of a tumor having a volume, the method reducing electrical shielding caused by simultaneous activation of electrodes and comprising the steps of:
(a) separately placing at least two physically independent electrodes at edges of the tumor;
(b) connecting a source of radiofrequency power having a frequency to a first electrode to provide resistive heating of tissue at the first electrode;
(c) after a first time, disconnecting the source of radiofrequency power from the first electrode to define a first duty cycle at the first electrode;
(d) after step (c) connecting the source of radiofrequency power to a second electrode to provide resistive heating of tissue at the second electrode;
(e) after a second time, disconnecting the source of radiofrequency power from the second electrode to define a second duty cycle at the second electrode;
(f) repeating steps (b) through (e) while varying the first and second duty cycles to deliver different levels of power to the first and second electrodes dependent on a sensed condition of the tissue while also energizing the first and second electrodes at different, substantially non-overlapping times independent of the sensed condition.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein each of a first and second on-times of the first and second duty cycles are substantially longer than a period of the frequency of the radiofrequency power.
3. The method of claim 1 further including the steps of sensing a temperature at the first and second electrodes and further controlling the first and second duty cycles according to the sensed temperatures to maximize power delivery to the tumor within the constraint of energizing the first and second electrodes at substantially non overlapping times.
4. The method of claim 1 further including the steps of sensing the impedance at the first and second electrodes and further controlling the first and second duty cycles according to the sensed impedances to maximize power delivery to the tumor within the constraint of energizing the first and second electrodes at substantially non overlapping times.
5. The method of claim 1 further including a third electrode providing a common power return for the source of radiofrequency power.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second electrodes are inserted through the skin to a site of the tumor.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the first and second electrode, when disconnected from the source of radiofrequency power, are isolated from the source of radiofrequency power.
8. An apparatus for ablating a tumor having a volume comprising:
at least two electrodes positionable at edges of the tumor;
a source of non-microwave radiofrequency power having a frequency;
a switch system operating to:
(a) connect the source of radiofrequency power to a first electrode to provide resistive heating of tissue at the first electrode;
(b) after a first time, disconnecting the source of radiofrequency power from the first electrode to define a first duty cycle at the first electrode;
(c) after step (b) connecting the source of radiofrequency power to a second electrode to provide resistive heating of tissue at the second electrode;
(d) after a second time, disconnecting the source of radiofrequency power from the second electrode to define a third duty cycle at the third electrode;
(e) repeat steps (b) through (d) while varying the first and second duty cycles to deliver different levels of power the first and second electrodes dependent on a sensed condition of the tissue while also energizing the first and second electrodes at different, substantially non-overlapping times independent of the sensed condition.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein each of a first and second on-times of the first and second duty cycles are substantially longer than a period of the frequency of the radiofrequency power.
10. The apparatus of claim 8 further including a temperature sensor sensing temperature at the first and second electrodes and wherein the switch system further controls the first and second, duty cycles based on the sensed temperatures to maximize power delivery to the tumor.
11. The apparatus of claim 8 further including an impendence sensor sensing the impedance at the first and second electrodes and wherein the switch system controls the first and second duty cycles based on the sensed impedances to maximize power delivery to the tumor.
12. The apparatus of claim 8 further including a third electrode providing a common power return for the source of radiofrequency power.
13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the first and second electrodes are adapted to be inserted through the skin to a site of the tumor.
14. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the switch system disconnects each first and second electrode from the source of radiofrequency power without grounding the electrode.