Methods and reagents for improved selection of biological materials
Methods, apparatus and compositions for separating a desired or undesired population or subpopulation from a biological sample are disclosed herein. The selection procedure is based on ferromagnetic, dense particles in a preferred size range from about 0.8 to about 1.2 microns. Specific binding agents are bound to the particles that recognize and bind to specific molecules on the targeted population or subpopulation, and the particles are mixed with the sample in such a way as to promote movement of the particles relative to the sample, promoting binding to the targeted population or subpopulation without non-specifically binding to non-targeted populations in the sample. Because of the large particle density, the bound population is separated from the fluid sample by gravity. Alternatively, the sample, including the bound, targeted population, is placed in a magnetic field such that the particles separate from the sample by evenly distributing over the vessel wall thus limiting non-specific trapping of the non-targeted population.
1. A method for selecting a pre-determined target population of cells or subpopulation thereof from a fluid sample, which method comprises:
a. A first step of providing a plurality of magnetic particles in a size range of about 500 nanometers to about 1500 nanometers and having bound thereto a binding agent that binds specifically to said target population or subpopulation of cells, said cells having low and high antigen density receptors, said particles having a density at least two-fold more than the density of the target cell, and said particles being made of a material of the type in which the particles become magnetized upon exposure to a magnetic field and remain magnetized following the removal of a magnetic field;
b. A second step of mixing for about 2 seconds to about 4 minutes said sample with said particles and said particles being further characterized as being of a size and density such that said particles pass through a substantial portion of said sample as a result of said mixing to allow enough time for formation of particle-cell complexes; and said sample being further characterized as having a volume of at least 0.01 ml; and
c. A third step of separating said sample including a non-target population or subpopulation of cells, from said particle-cell complex binding low and high antigen density receptors by placing said sample in said magnetic field with a magnetic configuration to cause the particles to move said particle-cell complex, resulting in a target population having negligible amount carry-over of non-targeted populations, wherein a containment vessel is provided for said sample and said magnetic field is created with said magnetic configuration that enables said particle-cell complexes to form as substantially a single layer along a wall of said containment vessel.
2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein aggregation of said particle-cell complexes is overcome through mild vortexing.
3. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said target population or subpopulation is released from said particle cell complex through said mild vortexing.
4. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said target population or subpopulation is released from said particle-cell complex through any means known in the art.
5. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said target population or subpopulation is selected from at least one of the group consisting of human cancer cells, human leukocytes, human platelets, and human immune cells.
6. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles contain ferromagnetic metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and alloys thereof.
7. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said magnetic particles are nickel.
8. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said particles have a diameter of about 1000 nanometers.
9. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said particles have a diameter from about 800 nanometers to about 12oo nanometers.
10. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said particle density is between about 7 g/cc and about 9 g/cc.
11. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said particle density is approximately 9 g/cc.
12. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said mixing is accomplished by vortexing said sample with said particles.
13. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said mixing is accomplished by tumbling said sample with said particles end-over-end when said sample volume is at least 0.5 ml.
14. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein said tumbling is at about 5 revolutions per minute to as high as 30 revolutions per minute.
15. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein said mixing time is within the range of from about 30 seconds to about 20 minutes.
16. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein said mixing time is about 1 minute to about 5 minutes.
17. The method as defined in claim 13 , wherein said mixing time is about 4 minutes to about 5 minutes.
18. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said sample is exposed to said magnetic field for at least about 3 seconds.
19. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said sample is exposed to said magnetic field from about 1 minute to about 5 minutes.
20. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said binding agent is at least one of an antibody, drug, hormone, growth factor, lectin, and enzyme wherein said binding agent specifically recognizes said target cell.
21. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said binding agent is an antibody that specifically binds to a cell surface antigen.
22. The method as defined in 21 , wherein said antibody is a monoclonal antibody.
23. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein said binding agent is biotinylated and linked to said particle through streptavidin.