Desulfurization and novel compositions for same
View Patent ↗A composition comprising a promoter and a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a cerium oxide, a scandium oxide, a lanthanum oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof, wherein at least a portion of the promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and methods of preparing such composition are disclosed. The thus-obtained composition is employed in a desulfurization zone to remove sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a cerium oxide, a scandium oxide, a lanthanum oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof wherein said metal oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 8 to about 20 weight percent and
wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
2. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said metal oxide is present in an amount in the range of from 40 to 70 weight percent.
4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent.
5. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 12 to about 35 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent.
6. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 15 to 30 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 10 to 22 weight percent.
7. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
8. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in the form of expanded perlite.
9. A composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein said expanded perlite is milled.
10. A composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein said composition is a particulate in the form of one of granules, extrudates, tablets, spheres, pellets, or microspheres.
11. A composition in accordance with claim 10 wherein said particulate is a microsphere.
12. A composition comprising:
(a) a cerium oxide wherein said cerium oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 8 to about 20 weight percent and wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced-valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
13. A composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
14. A composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
15. A composition comprising:
(a) a scandium oxide wherein said scandium oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 8 to about 20 weight percent and wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
16. A composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
17. A composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
18. A composition consisting essentially of:
(a) a lanthanum oxide wherein said lanthanum oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 8 to about 20 weight percent and wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
19. A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
20. A composition in accordance with claim 18 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
21. A composition consisting of:
(a) a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of a cerium oxide, a scandium oxide, a lanthanum oxide, and combinations of any two or more thereof wherein said metal oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent and
wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
22. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
23. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said metal oxide is present in an amount in the range of from 40 to 70 weight percent.
24. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said promoter is present in an amount in the range of from 8 to 20 weight percent.
25. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 10 to about 40 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent.
26. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 12 to about 35 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 25 weight percent.
27. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 15 to 30 weight percent and said aluminum-containing material is present in an amount in the range of from 10 to 22 weight percent.
28. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.
29. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said silicon-containing material is present in the form of expanded perlite.
30. A composition in accordance with claim 29 wherein said expanded perlite is milled.
31. A composition in accordance with claim 21 wherein said composition is a particulate in the form of one of granules, extrudates, tablets, spheres, pellets, or microspheres.
32. A composition in accordance with claim 31 wherein said particulate is a microsphere.
33. A composition consisting of:
(a) a cerium oxide wherein said cerium oxide is present in an amount in the range of from about 30 to about 80 weight percent;
(b) a silicon-containing material;
(c) an aluminum-containing material selected from the group consisting of alumina, aluminate, and combinations thereof; and
(d) a promoter wherein said promoter is presenting an amount in the range of from about 5 to about 40 weight percent and wherein at least a portion of said promoter is present as a reduced-valence promoter and wherein said promoter is present in an amount which will effect the removal of sulfur from a hydrocarbon stream when contacted with said composition under desulfurization conditions.
34. A composition in accordance with claim 33 wherein said promoter comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, tin, antimony, vanadium, gold, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, chromium, palladium, titanium, zirconium, rhodium, rhenium, and combinations of any two or more thereof.
35. A composition in accordance with claim 33 wherein said promoter comprises nickel.