High internal phase polymeric emulsion composition
View Patent ↗A high internal phase emulsion composition comprising: a) at least three components; b) component A is a polymer, monomer or mixture thereof; c) component B is a polymer; d) component C is a compatiblizer; e) substantially no voids; and wherein the volume fraction of component A represents at least about 80% by volume of the total volume of components A, B and C; and wherein the volume fraction of component B represents less than about 20% by volume of the total volume of components A, B and C; and wherein at least two phases are formed, a phase containing a majority of component A is discrete and a phase containing a majority of component B is continuous.
1. A high internal phase emulsion composition comprising discrete phase comprising
component A, wherein component A is a polymer, monomer or mixture thereof;
a continuous phase comprising component B, wherein component B is a polymer; and
component C, wherein component C is a compatibilizer selected from the group consisting of surfactants, block copolymers, random copolymers and graft copolymers; and
substantially no voids; wherein the discrete phase represents at least about 80% by volume of the total volume of components A, B, and C; and the volume fraction of the continuous phase represents less than about 20% by volume of the total volume of components A, B, and C.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the components C and A are immiscible within each other.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein component A is polystyrene, component B is poly(2-vinylpyridine) and C is a block copolymer.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the ratio of component B: component C is between 10:1 and 1:10.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein component C is a surfactant.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is a monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, vinyl toluene, alphamethyl styrene, divinyl benzene, isoprene, butadiene, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride, and thermoset monomers.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes, polypropylenes, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene, polystyrenes, ethylene styrene, copolymers of styrene, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl chlorides, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyarylates, acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyethers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfones, polyvinylidine chlorides, polyvinylidine fluorides, rubbers, partially polymerized thermosets, silicone rubbers, thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, and polyurethanes.
8. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A is in the form of particles.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A comprises at least 90% by volume of the composition.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein component A is poly-(2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide).
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein component A is a monomer comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of cross-linking agents, catalysts, or polymerization advancers.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A and component B are thermoplastic polymers.
13. The composition of claim 1 wherein component A, component B or component A and B are thermoset polymers.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein component A and component B are thermoplastic olefins and component C is an olefinic copolymer.
15. The composition of claim 1 wherein component B is selected from the group consisting of polyethylenes, polypropylenes, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, copolymers of ethylene with higher alpha-olefins, polystyrenes, ethylene styrene, copolymers of styrene, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polyvinyl chlorides, vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyarylates, acrylic polymers and copolymers, polyethers, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfones, polyvinylidine chlorides, polyvinylidine flourides, rubbers, partially polymerized thermosets, silicone rubbers, thermoplastic polyolefin rubbers, polyurethane, and conjugated polymers.
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein component B is selected from the group consisting of polythiophenes, polypyrroles, and polyanilines.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the density of the composition is greater than about 100 mg/cc.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein components C and A are immiscible within each other.
19. The composition of claim 1 wherein component C is mare miscible in component B than in component A.
20. The composition of claim 1 produced by a process comprising:
(a) mixing component B and component C;
(b) feeding component A into the mixture while stirring to maintain component A as a discrete phase; and
(c) cooling of the composition to initiate vitrification or crystallization.
21. The composition of claim 1 produced by a process comprising:
(a) forming a continuous phase by dissolving component C in a monomer, or in a mixture of monomers which is polymerizable to form the continuous phase;
(b) blending component A into the continuous phase to form a discrete phase and maintain the continuous phase comprising component C in combination with the monomer(s);
(c) polymerizing the monomer(s) in the phases; and
(d) curing and/or drying to form the resulting composition.
22. The composition of claim 1 produced by a process comprising:
(a) mixing a starting monomer for component B and compatibilizer C to produce a continuous phase;
(b) feeding monomer A into the mixture of B and C in order to maintain monomer A in a discrete phase;
(c) thermally initiating polymerization of either or both monomer A and starting monomer for component B and/or (d) UV polymerizing one or both monomer A and the starting monomer
(c) thermally initiating plymerization of either of both monomer A and the stating monomer for component B
and/or (d) for component B; and (e) cooling the mixture below the Tg and/or Tm of the remaining monomer(s) and/or the resulting polymer(s).