Permeable composition, controlled release product and methods for the production thereof
A permeable composition, a controlled release product, and methods for producing the permeable composition and controlled release product. The permeable composition includes a matrix material, a particulate filler material, and interfacial passageways between the matrix material and the particles of filler material. The matrix material may include a substrate material and a carrier material. The controlled release product is formed by coating a substrate material with at least one layer of the permeable composition. The methods include the steps of applying a degradable surface treatment material to the particles of filler material and then dispersing the surface treated filler material throughout the matrix material so that degradable interfaces are provided between the matrix material and the particles of filler material.
1. A composition for providing a controlled release of a substrate material, the composition comprising:
(a) an amount of a matrix material, wherein the matrix material is comprised of the substrate material for release to a surrounding environment;
(b) an amount of a particulate fibrous filler material dispersed throughout the matrix material such that the filler material is dispersed throughout the substrate material, wherein each of the particles of filler material is comprised of an external surface; and
(c) a water soluble surface treatment material applied to the external surfaces of the particles of filler material such that the surface treatment material provides degradable interfaces between the matrix material and the external surfaces of the particles of filler material, and wherein the degradable interfaces are degradable in the presence of water such that interfacial passageways between the matrix material and the external surfaces of the particles of filler material are formed by the dissolution of the surface treatment material.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the matrix material is further comprised of a carrier material.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 2 wherein the substrate material is comprised of a fertilizer.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the carrier material is comprised of sulphur.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein the filler material is comprised of wollastonite.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 3 wherein the surface treatment material is comprised of a naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde copolymer.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the wollastonite has an aspect ratio greater than 1.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the wollastonite has a particle width of between about 3 microns and about 40 microns.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the wollastonite has a particle length of between about 10 microns and about 600 microns.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the wollastonite has a particle surface area of between about 1 m 2 /cm 3 and about 15 m 2 /cm 3 .
11. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the amount of surface treatment material applied to the external surfaces of the wollastonite is between about 0.00005 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite and about 0.6 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 5 wherein the amount of wollastonite dispersed throughout the matrix material is between about 0.5 percent and about 200 percent by volume of wollastonite to volume of matrix material.
13. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the matrix material is comprised of sulphur.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 13 wherein the filler material is comprised of wollastonite.
15. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the surface treatment material is comprised of a naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde copolymer.
16. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wollastonite has an aspect ratio greater than 1.
17. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wollastonite has a particle width of between about 3 microns and about 40 microns.
18. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wollastonite has a particle length of between about 10 microns and about 600 microns.
19. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the wollastonite has a particle surface area of between about 1 m 2 /cm 3 and about 15 m 2 /cm 3 .
20. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the amount of surface treatment material applied to the external surfaces of the wollastonite is between about 0.00005 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite and about 0.6 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite.
21. The composition as claimed in claim 14 wherein the amount of wollastonite dispersed throughout the matrix material is between about 0.5 percent and about 200 percent by volume of wollastonite to volume of matrix material.
22. A method for producing a composition for providing a controlled release of a substrate material, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing an amount of a particulate fibrous filler material, wherein each of the particles of filler material is comprised of an external surface;
(b) applying an amount of a water soluble surface treatment material to the external surfaces of the particles of filler material to form surface treated particles of filler material;
(c) providing an amount of a matrix material, wherein the matrix material is comprised of the substrate material for release to a surrounding environment; and
(d) dispersing the surface treated particles of filler material throughout the matrix material such that the surface treated particles of filler material are dispersed throughout the substrate material to form the composition and such that degradable interfaces between the matrix material and the external surfaces of the particles of filler material are provided by the surface treatment material, wherein the degradable interfaces are degradable in the presence of water such that interfacial passageways between the matrix material and the external surfaces of the particles of filler material are formed by the dissolution of the surface treatment material.
23. The method as claimed in claim 22 wherein the matrix material is further comprised of a carrier material.
24. The method as claimed in claim 23 wherein the substrate material is comprised of a fertilizer.
25. The method as claimed in claim 24 wherein the carrier material is comprised of sulphur.
26. The method as claimed in claim 25 wherein the filler material is comprised of wollastonite.
27. The method as claimed in claim 24 wherein the surface treatment material is comprised of a naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde copolymer.
28. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the wollastonite has an aspect ratio greater than 1.
29. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the wollastonite has a particle width of between about 3 microns and about 40 microns.
30. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the wollastonite has a particle length of between about 10 microns and about 600 microns.
31. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the wollastonite has a particle surface area of between about 1 m 2 /cm 3 and about 15 m 2 /cm 3 .
32. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the surface treatment material is applied to the external surfaces of the wollastonite such that the amount of surface treatment material is between about 0.00005 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite and about 0.6 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite.
33. The method as claimed in claim 26 wherein the wollastonite is dispersed throughout the matrix material such that the amount of wollastonite is between about 0.5 percent and about 200 percent by volume of wollastonite to volume of matrix material.
34. The method as claimed in claim 26 , further comprising the step of forming the composition into discrete particles.
35. The method as claimed in claim 22 wherein the matrix material is comprised of sulphur.
36. The method as claimed in claim 35 wherein the filler material is comprised of wollastonite.
37. The method as claimed in claim 22 wherein the surface treatment material is comprised of a naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde copolymer.
38. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the wollastonite has an aspect ratio greater than 1.
39. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the wollastonite has a particle width of between about 3 microns and about 40 microns.
40. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the wollastonite has a particle length of between about 10 microns and about 600 microns.
41. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the wollastonite has a particle surface area of between about 1 m 2 /cm 3 and about 15 m 2 /cm 3 .
42. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the surface treatment material is applied to the external surfaces of the wollastonite such that the amount of surface treatment material is between about 0.00005 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite and about 0.6 cm 3 of surface treatment material/m 2 of surface area of wollastonite.
43. The method as claimed in claim 36 wherein the wollastonite is dispersed throughout the matrix material such that the amount of wollastonite is between about 0.5 percent and about 200 percent by volume of wollastonite to volume of matrix material.