Dairy compositions and method of making
The invention relates to a method of separating components from milk, and the apparatus used therefor. The invention also relates to compositions prepared from the separated components. The present invention relates to nutritional milk compositions and products which are designed to include per serving size a specified percentage range of one or more components separated from milk. The compositions of the present invention can optionally include non-essential but nutritionally functional components. The complete nutritional milk compositions of the present invention can be provided as unflavored milks, flavored milks, ice creams and yogurts.
1. A stepwise method for separating milk components comprising,
passing milk into a filtration apparatus in a unidirectional flow;
ultrafiltrating the milk in a first filtration step using an ultrafiltration means to produce a first liquid permeate and a first retentate, wherein the lactose content of the first permeate is no more than 5.5 wt %;
nanofiltrating the first liquid permeate in a second filtration step using a nanofiltration means to produce a second liquid permeate and a second retentate, wherein the lactose content of the second permeate is no more than 0.15 wt %;
reverse osmosis of the second liquid permeate in a third filtration step using a reverse osmosis means to produce a third liquid permeate and a third retentate, wherein the lactose content of the third retentate is no more than 0.06 wt %, and,
wherein the first retentate, second retentate and third retentate are removed from the filtration apparatus through a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet respectively.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising an optional separation step, wherein said separation step precedes the ultrafiltration step.
3. The method of claim 2 further comprising a microfiltration step, wherein said microfiltration step follows the optional separation step and precedes the ultrafiltration step.
4. The method of claim 2 further comprising a diafiltration step, wherein said diafiltration step follows the ultrafiltration step and precedes the nanofiltration step.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protein content of the first retentate is at least 9 wt % and the lactose content is at least 4 wt %.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lactose content of the second retentate is at least 13 wt %.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lactose content of the third liquid permeate is no more than 0.05 wt % and the mineral content is no more than 0.05 wt %.
8. A stepwise method for separating milk components comprising,
passing milk into a filtration apparatus in a unidirectional flow;
separating the milk to produce butter fat and skim milk;
ultrafiltrating the skim milk to produce an ultrafitrarion permeate and an ultrafiltration retentate, wherein the lactose content of the ultrafiltration permeate is no more than 5.5 wt %;
nanofiltrating the ultrafitration permeate to produce a nanofiltration permeate and a nanofiltration retentate, wherein the lactose content of the nanofiltratian permeate is no more than 0.15 wt %;
reverse osmosis of the nanofiltration permeate to produce a reverse osmosis permeate and a reverse osmosis retentate, wherein the lactose content of the reverse osmosis retentate is no more than 0.06 wt %; and,
wherein the ultrafiltration retentate, nanofiltration retentate and reverse osmosis retentate are removed from the filtration apparatus through a first outlet, a second outlet and a third outlet respectively.
9. The method of claim 8 further comprising a microfiltration step, wherein said microfiltration step follows the separation step and precedes the ultrafiltration step.
10. The method of claim 8 further comprising a diafiltration step, wherein said diafiltration step follows the ultrafiltration step.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the protein content of the ultrafiltration retentate is at least 9 wt % and the lactose content is at least 4 wt %.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the lactose content of the nanofiltration retentate is at least 13 wt %.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the lactose content of the reverse osmosis permeate is no more than 0.05 wt % and the mineral content is no more than 0.05 wt %.